GLASS CONTAINERS RESISTANT TO DELAMINATION WITH HEAT-TOLERING COATINGS

专利摘要:
glass containers resistant to delamination with heat-tolerant coatings. glass containers resistant to delamination with heat tolerant coatings are disclosed. in one embodiment, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface, an outer surface and a wall thickness that extends from the outer surface to the inner surface. at least, the inner surface of the glass body is resistant to delamination. the glass container may further include a heat-tolerant coating positioned on at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. the heat-tolerant coating can be thermally stable at temperatures greater than or equal to 260 (degree) ° c for 30 minutes.
公开号:BR112014031895B1
申请号:R112014031895-6
申请日:2013-06-28
公开日:2021-03-30
发明作者:Kaveh Adib；Dana Craig Bookbinder；Theresa Chang；Paul Stephen Danielson；Steven Edward Demartino；Melinda Ann Drake；Andrei Gennadyevich Fadeev；James Patrick Hamilton；Robert Michael Morena；Santona Pal；John Stephen Peanasky；Chandan Kumar Saha；Robert Anthony Schaut；Susan Lee Schiefelbein；Christopher Lee Timmons
申请人:Corning Incorporated；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

CROSS REFERENCE OF RELATED ORDERS
[0001] The present specification claims the Provisional US priority of Patent Application No. 61 / 665,682 filed on June 28, 2012 and entitled "Glass containers with heat-resistant coatings"; US Patent Application Serial No. 13 / 912,457 filed June 7, 2013 and entitled "Glass containers resistant to delamination"; US Patent No. Serial. No. 13 / 660,394 filed on October 25, 2012 and entitled "Glass compositions with better chemical and mechanical durability"; and US Patent No. Serial. No. 13 / 780,740 filed February 28, 2013 and entitled "Glass articles with low friction coatings", each of which is incorporated by reference. APPLICATION FIELD
[0002] The present specification refers generally to glass containers and, more specifically, to glass containers for use in the storage of perishable products, including, without limitation, pharmaceutical formulations. TECHNICAL STATUS
[0003] Historically, glass has been used as the preferred material for packaging pharmaceutical products, due to its hermeticity, optical clarity, and excellent chemical durability in relation to other materials. Specifically, the glass used in pharmaceutical packaging must have adequate chemical durability, so as not to affect the stability of the pharmaceutical formulations contained therein. Glass with adequate chemical durability includes glass compositions within the ASTM standard "Type 1A" and "Type 1B" glass compositions that have a proven history of chemical durability.
[0004] Although type 1A and type 1B glass compositions are commonly used in pharmaceutical packaging, they suffer from a number of deficiencies, including a tendency for the inner surfaces of the pharmaceutical packaging to release glass particles or "delamination" after exposure to pharmaceutical solutions.
[0005] In addition, the use of pharmaceutical packaging glass may also be limited by the mechanical performance of the glass. Specifically, the higher processing speeds used in the manufacture and filling of pharmaceutical glass containers can result in mechanical damage to the packaging surface, such as abrasion, such as packages coming into contact with processing, handling, and / equipment. or other packages. This mechanical damage significantly decreases the strength of the glass pharmaceutical package, resulting in an increased likelihood of cracks that will develop in the glass, potentially compromising the sterility of the pharmaceutical product contained in the packaging.
[0006] Therefore, there is a need for alternative glass containers for use as pharmaceutical packaging that have improved resistance to mechanical damage and that exhibit a reduced propensity to delaminate. ABSTRACT
[0007] According to one embodiment, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. At least, the interior surface of the glass body may have a delamination factor of less than or equal to 10 and a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. A coating tolerant to Heat can be attached to at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0008] In another embodiment, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. At least, the interior surface of the glass body may have a delamination factor of less than or equal to 10 and a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. A coating tolerant to Heat can be attached to at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. The outer surface of the glass body with the heat-tolerant coating may have a friction coefficient of less than about 0.7.
[0009] In another embodiment, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. At least, the interior surface of the glass body may have a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. An interior region may extend between the interior surface of the glass body and the outer surface of the glass body. The interior region may have a layer of persistent homogeneity. A heat-tolerant coating can be attached to at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0010] In another embodiment, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface may have a persistent surface homogeneity. At least, the interior surface of the glass body can have a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. A heat-tolerant coating can be bonded to at least a portion of the exterior surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating may be thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0011] In another embodiment, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The glass body can be formed from an alkaline aluminum silicate glass composition, which has a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C and a HGA1 type of hydrolytic resistance according to ISO 720. The glass composition can be substantially free of boron and boron compounds, such that at least the inner surface of the glass body has a delamination factor of less than or equal to 10. A coating tolerant to Heat can be attached to at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0012] In another embodiment, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The glass body can be formed from a glass composition comprising: from about 74 mol% air to about 78 mol% Si02; from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol% of alkaline earth oxide, where the alkaline earth oxide comprises MgO and CaO and a ratio (CaO (mol%) / (CaO (mol%) + MgO (mol%.) )) which is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% Al203, where X is greater than or equal to about 4 mol% air and less than or equal to about 8 mol% air; and Y mol% of alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises Na20 in an amount greater than or equal to about 9 mol% and less than or equal to about 15 mol%, a proportion of Y: X is greater than whereas 1. The glass body can have a delamination factor less than or equal to 10. A heat-tolerant coating can be positioned on the outer surface of the glass body and comprises a low friction layer and a layer of coupling agent, the low friction layer comprising a chemical composition of the polymer and the coupling agent layer comprising at least one of: a mixture of a chemical composition of a first silane, a hydrolyzate, or an oligomer thereof, and a second chemical composition silane, a hydrolyzate, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition is an aliphatic silane chemical composition; and a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0013] In another embodiment, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The glass body can be formed from a glass composition comprising from about 74 mol% air to about 78 mol% Si02; alkaline earth oxide, comprising both CaO and MgO, wherein the alkaline earth oxide comprises CaO in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to about 1.0 mol% and a ratio (CaO (mol%.) / (CaO (mol%) + MgO (mol%))) is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% AL2O3, where X is greater than or equal to about 2 mol% air and less than or equal to about 10 mol%; and Y mol% alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises from about 0.01 mol% air to about 1.0 mol% K20 and a Y: X ratio is greater than 1, where the body of glass has a factor of less than delamination or equal to 10. A heat-tolerant coating can be positioned on the outer surface of the glass body and comprises a low-friction layer and a layer of coupling agent. The low friction layer can include a chemical composition of the polymer and the coupling agent layer can include at least one of a mixture of a chemical composition of a first silane, a hydrolyzate, or an oligomer thereof, and a second chemical composition silane, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aromatic silane and the second chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aliphatic silane; and a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0014] Characteristics and advantages of the embodiments of the glass containers described herein will be presented in the detailed description that follows, and in additional parts will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from this description or the practice of recognized by the embodiments described here, including the detailed description that follows, in the claims, as well as in the accompanying drawings.
[0015] It is to be understood that both the previous general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or structure for understanding the nature and character of the claimed object. The attached drawings are included to provide a better understanding of the different embodiments, and are incorporated and form a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the various embodiments described here, and together with the description they serve to explain the principles and operations of the claimed object. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a cross section of a glass container with a heat-tolerant coating, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0017] FIG. 2 schematically represents a part of the side wall of the glass container of Fig. 1;
[0018] FIG. 3 schematically represents a part of the side wall of the glass container of Fig. 1;
[0019] FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a cross section of a glass container with a heat-tolerant coating, comprising a layer of low friction and a layer of coupling agent, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0020] FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a cross section of a glass container with a heat-tolerant coating, comprising a low friction layer, a coupling agent layer, and an interface layer, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and here described;
[0021] FIG. 6 represents an example of a chemical composition of diamine monomer, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0022] FIG. 7 represents an example of a chemical composition of diamine monomer, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0023] FIG. 8 shows the chemical structures of monomers that can be used as polyimide coatings, applied to glass containers, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0024] FIG. 9 schematically represents the reaction steps of a silane with connection to a substrate, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0025] FIG. 10 schematically represents the reaction steps of a silane polyimide bond, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0026] FIG. 11 schematically illustrates a test template for determining the coefficient of friction between two surfaces, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0027] FIG. 12 schematically illustrates an apparatus for testing the mass loss of a glass container, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0028] FIG. 13 graphically represents the light transmission data for coated and uncoated vials, measured in the visible light spectrum 400 to 700 nm, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0029] FIG. 14 graphically represents the relationship between the proportion of alkaline oxides and alumina (x-axis) and the stress point, annealing point and softening point (y-axis) of the glass compositions of the invention and comparatives;
[0030] FIG. 15 graphically depicts the relationship between the proportion of alkaline oxides and alumina (x-axis) and the compression stress and maximum change stress (y-axis) of the glass compositions of the invention and comparatives;
[0031] FIG. 16 graphically represents the relationship between the proportion of alkali oxides and alumina (x-axis) and hydrolytic resistance as determined from the ISO 720 (y-axis) standard of the inventive and comparative glass compositions;
[0032] FIG. 17 graphically describes the diffusivity D (y-axis) as a function of the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) (x-axis) for glass compositions of the invention and comparatives;
[0033] FIG. 18 graphically represents the maximum compression stress (y-axis) as a function of the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) (x-axis) for glass compositions of the invention and comparatives;
[0034] FIG. 19 graphically describes the D diffusivity (y-axis) as a function of the ratio (B203 / (R20-Al203)) (x-axis) for inventive and comparative glass compositions;
[0035] FIG. 20 graphically represents the hydrolytic resistance, as determined from the ISO 720 (y-axis) standard as a function of the ratio (B203 / (R20-Al203)) (x-axis) for the inventive and comparative glass compositions;
[0036] FIG. 21 graphically depicts the partial pressure (y-axis) of various species of the glass composition as a function of temperature (x-axis) for a conventional Type 1A boron silicate glass in equilibrium with a stoichiometric methane flame;
[0037] FIG. 22 graphically depicts the partial pressure (y-axis) of various species of the glass composition as a function of temperature (x-axis) for a type of conventional Type 1B boron silicate in equilibrium with a stoichiometric methane flame;
[0038] FIG. 23 graphically depicts the partial pressure (y-axis) of various species of the glass composition as a function of temperature (x-axis) for a cup containing specific ZnO in equilibrium with a stoichiometric methane flame;
[0039] FIG. 24 graphically represents the partial pressure (y-axis) of various species of the glass composition as a function of temperature (x-axis) for an alkaline silicate aluminum glass, exemplary in equilibrium with a stoichiometric methane flame;
[0040] FIG. 25A graphs the boron concentration (y-axis) as a function of depth from the inner surface of the lower floor sidewall and portions of a glass vial formed from a conventional Type IB boron silicate glass;
[0041] FIG. 25B graphs the sodium concentration (y-axis) as a depth function from the inner surface of the lower floor sidewall and portions of a glass vial formed from conventional Type IB boron silicate glass;
[0042] FIG. 26 graphs the sodium concentration (y-axis) as a function of depth from the inner surface of the side wall of the lower floor and portions of a glass flask formed of an exemplary boron-free alkaline aluminum silicate glass;
[0043] FIG. 27 graphically represents the atomic relationship (y-axis) as a function of distance (x-axis) to the inner surface of a glass vial formed from an aluminum alkaline silicate glass surface showing exemplary homogeneity;
[0044] FIG. 28 graphically represents the atomic relationship (y-axis) as a function of distance (x-axis) to the inner surface of a glass bottle formed from a type 1B surface showing heterogeneity of conventional glass;
[0045] FIG. 29 graphically depicts the elemental fraction (y-axis) of boron in the gas phase as a function of B203 (x-axis) added to a glass composition of the invention in equilibrium with a stoichiometric methane flame at 1500 ° C;
[0046] FIG. 30A is an optical micrograph of flakes developed during a delamination test for a glass vial formed from a glass composition subject to delamination;
[0047] FIG. 30B is an optical micrograph of flakes developed during a delamination test for a glass vial formed from a delamination resistant glass composition;
[0048] FIG. 31A is an optical micrograph of flakes developed during a delamination test of a glass bottle ion exchange formed from a glass composition subject to delamination;
[0049] FIG. 31B is an optical micrograph of flakes developed during a delamination test of a glass bottle ion exchange formed from a delamination resistant glass composition;
[0050] FIG. 32 graphically represents the concentration of potassium ions (y-axis) as a function of depth (x-axis) for a glass composition of the invention and for a type IB composition of conventional glass;
[0051] FIG. 33 graphically represents the probability curve of rupture stress (y-axis) as a function of a stress failure (x-axis) for glass tubes formed from glass compositions of the invention and conventional IB glass compositions ;
[0052] FIG. 34 graphically represents the probability of horizontal compression failure (y-axis) as a function failure stress (x-axis) for coated glass containers, formed from the glass compositions of the invention and the comparative glass compositions;
[0053] FIG. 35 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for flasks, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described here;
[0054] FIG. 36 contains a Table to report the load and measured friction coefficient for glass bottles of type 1B and bottles formed from a reference glass composition that were formed by ion exchange and coated, according to one or more forms of embodiments shown and described here;
[0055] FIG. 37 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the stress applied in four-point bending to tubes formed from a reference glass composition under conditions it has received, under ion exchange conditions (uncoated), under ion exchange conditions (coated and worn), in ion exchange condition (uncoated and abrasion) and for tubes formed from Type 1B glass in the condition as received and in the ion exchange condition, according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0056] FIG. 38 represents the output data of the gas chromatographic mass spectrometer graph for an 800 APS / Novastrat® coating, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0057] FIG. 39 represents the gas chromatographic mass spectrometer output data for a DC806A coating, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0058] FIG. 40 contains an Information table of different heat-tolerant coating compositions, which have been tested under lyophilization conditions, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0059] FIG. 41 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction for glass vials and bare vials having a silicone resin coating tested on the vial-to-ampoule holder, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0060] FIG. 42 contains a graph reporting the friction coefficient for vials coated with an APS / Kapton polyimide coating and abrasion several times, under different loads applied to the vial-to-ampoule holder, according to one or more embodiments shown and here described;
[0061] FIG. 43 contains a graph reporting the friction coefficient for vials coated with an APS coating and abrasives, at various times under different loads applied in a vial to an ampoule, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described here;
[0062] FIG. 44 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction for vials coated with an APS / Kapton polyimide coating and abrasion, several times under different loads applied to the vial-to-vial holder, after the vials are exposed to 300 ° C for 12 hours, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0063] FIG. 45 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction and abrasion for bottles coated with an APS coating, several times, under different loads applied in a jars-to-jars, then the jars were exposed to 300 ° C for 12 hours. according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0064] FIG. 46 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction and abrasion for Type IB flasks coated with a Kapton polyimide coating, several times under different loads applied to the vial-to-ampoule holder, according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0065] FIG. 47 shows the friction coefficient for bottles coated with APS / Novastrat® 800, before and after lyophilization, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described here;
[0066] FIG. Figure 48 shows the friction coefficient for bottles coated with APS / Novastrat® 800, before and after autoclaving, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described here;
[0067] FIG. 49 graphically represents the coefficient of friction for coated glass containers exposed to different temperature conditions and for an uncoated glass container;
[0068] FIG. 50 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for flasks, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0069] FIG. 51 contains a table illustrating the change in the friction coefficient with variations in the composition of the coupling agent of a heat-tolerant coating applied to a glass container, as described herein;
[0070] FIG. 52 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force applied to coated glass containers before and after pyrogen removal;
[0071] FIG. 53 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force for coated glass containers before and after removal of applied pyrogens, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0072] FIG. 54 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for flasks, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described here;
[0073] FIG. 55 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, strength and frictional force for coated glass containers before and after removal of applied pyrogens, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0074] FIG. 56 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force applied to coated glass containers for different pyrogen removal conditions;
[0075] FIG. 57 graphically represents the friction coefficient after several heat treatment times, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described here;
[0076] FIG. 58 graphically represents the light transmission data for coated and uncoated vials measured in the visible light spectrum 400 to 700 nm, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0077] FIG. 59 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force for coated glass containers before and after removal of applied pyrogens, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0078] FIG. 60 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for flasks, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0079] FIG. Figure 61 shows a scanning electron microscope image of a coating, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0080] FIG. The one in Figure 62 shows a scanning electron microscope image of a coating, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0081] FIG. Figure 63 shows a scanning electron microscope image of a coating, according to one or more of the embodiments shown and described herein;
[0082] FIG. 64 graphically represents the friction coefficient, zero penetration, applied normal force, and frictional force (ordered y) as a function of the applied zero length (ordered x) for the flasks, coated with a comparative example;
[0083] FIG. 65 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, applied normal force, and frictional force (ordered y) as a function of the applied zero length (ordered x) for the thermally treated flasks of a comparative example;
[0084] FIG. 66 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, the penetration of zero, the applied normal force, and the frictional force (ordered y) as a function of the length of the applied zero (ordered x) for the flasks, coated with a comparative example; and
[0085] FIG. 67 graphically represents the friction coefficient, zero penetration, applied normal force, and frictional force (ordinate y) as a function of the length of the applied zero (ordinate x) for the thermally treated flasks of a comparative Example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0086] Reference will now be made in detail for the embodiments of glass containers, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals will be used by all drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. In one embodiment, a glass container includes a glass body with an inner surface, an outer surface and a wall thickness that extends from the inner surface to the outer surface. At least, the interior surface of the glass body is resistant to delamination. A heat-tolerant coating can be placed on the outer surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating may include a layer of coupling agent in direct contact with the outer surface of the glass body. The coupling agent layer can include at least one silane composition. The heat-tolerant coating may also include a frictive coating layer in direct contact with the coupling agent layer. The heat-tolerant coating may be thermally stable at temperatures greater than or equal to 260 ° C. In some embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating may be thermally stable at temperatures less than or equal to 400 ° C. The outer surface of the Glass, with the heat-tolerant coating, can have a coefficient of friction of less than about 0.7 with respect to a second pharmaceutical container having the same heat-tolerant coating. The glass container is particularly well suited for packaging pharmaceutical formulations. The glass container and the properties of the glass container will be described in more detail with specific reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0087] In the embodiments of the glass containers described herein, the concentration of constituent components (for example, SI02, AL2O3, B203 and the like) with the glass composition from which the glass containers are formed are specified in moles percent (mol.) on an oxide base, unless otherwise specified.
[0088] The term "substantially free", when used to describe the concentration and / or absence of a particular constituent component in a glass composition, means that the constituent component is not intentionally added to the glass composition. However, the glass composition may contain traces of the constituent component as a contaminant or in amounts of less than 0.05 mol%.
[0089] The term "chemical durability", as used herein, refers to the ability of the glass composition to resist degradation upon exposure to specified chemical conditions. Specifically, the chemical durability of the glass compositions described here, was evaluated according to three established material testing standards: DIN 12116, of March 2001 and entitled "Glass testing - Resistance to attack by an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution in boiling - Test and classification method "; ISO 695: 1991, entitled "Resistance of glass to attack by a boiling aqueous solution of the mixed alkali test and classification method"; ISO 720: 1985 entitled "Hydrolytic resistance of glass grain glass at 121 degrees C - Test and classification method"; and ISO 719: 1985 ". Glass - Hydrolytic resistance of glass grains at 98 degrees Method C- of test and classification" Each pattern and the classifications within each pattern are described in more detail here. Alternatively, the chemical durability of a glass composition can be assessed according to USP <660> entitled "glass test surface", and or European Pharmacopeia 3.2.1 entitled "Glass container for pharmaceutical use", for assess the durability of the glass surface.
[0090] The term "softening point", as used herein, refers to the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass composition is 1x10 7.6 poise.
[0091] The term "annealing point", as used herein, refers to the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass composition is 1x10 13 poise.
[0092] The term "stress point" and "T stress", as used herein, refers to the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass composition is 3 x 10 14 poise.
[0093] The term "CTE", as used herein, refers to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass composition over a temperature range from about room temperature (RT) to about 300 ° C.
[0094] Conventional glass or glass containers for packaging, containing pharmaceutical compositions are generally formed from glass compositions that are known to have chemical durability and low thermal expansion, such as alkaline borosilicate glasses. While alkaline borosilicate glasses exhibit good chemical durability, container manufacturers have observed flakes of silica-rich glass dispersed in the solution contained in the glass containers. This phenomenon is referred to as delamination. Delamination occurs in particular when the solution has been stored in direct contact with the glass surface for long periods of time (months to years). Therefore, glass that has good chemical durability may not necessarily be resistant to delamination.
[0095] Delamination refers to a phenomenon in which the glass particles are released from the glass surface following a series of leaching, corrosion, and / or weather conditions. In general, the glass particles are flakes rich in silica glass that originate from the inner surface of the package, as a result of leaching of the modifying ions within a solution contained within the package. These flakes can generally be from about 1 nm to about 2 μm thick with a width greater than about 50 μm. As these flakes are composed mainly of silica, the flakes generally do not degrade after being released from the glass surface.
[0096] Until now it has been believed that delamination is due to the phase separation that occurs in alkaline borosilicate glasses when the glass is exposed to the high temperatures used to reform the glass in the form of a container.
[0097] However, it is now believed that the delamination of silica-rich glass flakes from the interior surfaces of the glass containers is due to the composition characteristics of the glass container in its forming condition. Specifically, the high silica content of alkaline borosilicate glasses means that the glass has a relatively high melting point and formation temperatures. However, the alkaline and borate components in the composition of the molten glass and / or vaporize at lower temperatures. In particular, the borate species in the glass are highly volatile and evaporate from the surface of the glass at the high temperatures necessary to form and reform the glass.
[0098] Specifically, glass stock is reformed in glass containers at high temperatures and in direct flames. The high temperatures that at higher equipment speeds make the most volatile borate species able to evaporate from portions of the glass surface. When this occurs, evaporation within the inner volume of the glass container, the volatilized borate species are re-deposited in other areas of the glass container surface causing the heterogeneity of composition on the surface of the glass container, in particular with regard to it concerns regions close to the interior surface of the glass container (i.e., regions on or directly adjacent to the interior surfaces of the glass container). For example, as one end of a glass tube is closed to form the bottom or floor of the container, borate species can evaporate from the bottom of the tube and be re-deposited in other parts of the tube. The evaporation of the material from the base portions and the floor of the container is particularly pronounced as these areas of the container are subjected to more extensive reforming and, as such, are exposed to higher temperatures. As a result, areas of the container exposed to higher temperatures can have silica-rich surfaces. Other areas of the container that are susceptible to boron deposition may have a boron-rich layer on the surface. Boron depositable areas that are at a temperature higher than the annealing point of the glass composition, but less than the hottest temperature of the glass is subjected during reforming can lead to the incorporation of boron on the glass surface. Solutions contained in the container can leach boron from the boron-rich layer. As the boron-rich layer is leached from the glass, a glass network with a high silica (gel) content that remains which swells and strains during hydration and eventually spreads from the surface.
[0099] A conventional solution for delamination is to coat the inner surface of the glass container body with an inorganic coating, such as Si02. This coating can have a thickness of about 100 nm to 200 nm, and prevents the contents of the container from coming into contact with the inner surface of the body and causes delamination to occur. However, the application of such coatings can be difficult and requires additional manufacturing and / or control steps, thereby increasing the overall cost of manufacturing containers. In addition, if the contents of the container penetrate the coating and come into contact with the interior surface of the body, such as through a discontinuity in the coating, the resulting delamination of the glass body can cause parts of the layer to separate from the interior surface of the body. body.
[0100] The glass containers described here are chemically durable and resistant to wear, as determined by DIN 12116, ISO 695, ISO 719 and ISO 720. In addition, the glass containers described here have characteristics homogeneous composition in the formed condition and, as such, have an improved resistance to delamination, without the need for any further processing. In addition, the glass containers described herein also include a high temperature coating applied to the outer surface of the glass container, which improves the resistance of the glass container to frictional damage and is also thermally stable at elevated temperatures. The glass containers described here are also subject to reinforcement by ion exchange which further increases the mechanical durability of the glass containers.
[0101] With reference now to FIG. 1, a glass container 100 for storing perishable products, such as pharmaceutical, biological formulations, vaccines, food products or the like, is shown schematically in cross-section. The glass container 100 generally comprises a glass body 102. The glass body 102 extends between an inner surface 104 and an outer surface 106 and generally includes an inner volume 108. In the embodiment of the glass container 100 shown in FIG. 1, the glass body 102 generally comprises a wall portion 110 and a second wall portion, such as floor portion 112. The wall portion 110 can transition to the second wall portion, such as the floor portion 112, through a heel portion 114. The glass body 102 has a wall thickness Tw, which extends from the inner surface 104 of the outer surface 106. The glass container 100 also includes a heat-tolerant coating 120, which is positioned on the outer surface of the glass body 102. The heat-tolerant coating is thermally stable. The phrase "thermally stable", when used to describe the organic coating, refers to the ability of the coating to remain adhered to the glass container after exposure to elevated temperatures for a predetermined period of time, as well as the ability of the coating to retain its physical properties following exposure to elevated temperatures for a predetermined period of time, as will be described in more detail here. The heat-tolerant coating 120 can cover the entire outer surface 106 of the glass body 102, or, alternatively, a portion of the outer surface 106 of the glass body 102. In embodiments described here, the inner surface 104 of the glass container can be uncoated. The term "uncoated", as used herein, means that the surface is free from inorganic coatings, organic coatings, or coatings that include a combination of organic components and inorganic components, such that the contents stored in the inner volume 108 of the container glass containers 100 are in direct contact with the glass from which the glass container 100 is formed.
[0102] While the glass container 100 is shown in FIG. 1 as having a specific shape (i.e., a test tube), it should be understood that the glass container 100 can have other shapes of the shape, including, without limitation, vacutainers, cartridges, syringes, syringes, ampoules, bottles, flasks, ampoules, tubes, bowls, or the like.
[0103] The glass body 102 of the glass container 100 is formed from an alkaline silicate aluminum glass composition, which is resistant to delamination such that at least the inner surface 104 of the glass container 100 is resistant to delamination. The phrase "resistant to delamination" means that the glass surface has a reduced propensity for the degradation and spillage of glass flakes and after exposure to intimate contact with a specific solution, under defined conditions. In the embodiments described here, the resistance of the glass container to delamination can be characterized in terms of a delamination factor, as described in more detail here.
[0104] In some embodiments, the entire glass body 102 of the glass container is formed from a glass composition that is resistant to delamination. However, in other embodiments, only the inner surface of the glass body 102 can be formed from a glass composition that is resistant to delamination, such as when the glass body has a laminated construction. Appropriate embodiments of glass compositions include the alkaline aluminum silicate glass compositions described in US Patent No. Series. No. 13 / 660,394 filed October 25, 2012 and entitled "Glass compositions with better chemical and mechanical durability", the totality of which is incorporated by reference. The aluminum alkaline silicate glass composition generally includes a combination of Si02 and one or more alkali metal oxides, such as Na20 and / or K20. The glass composition can also include Al2O3 and at least one alkaline earth oxide. In some embodiments, the glass compositions can be free of boron and compounds containing boron. Glass compositions are resistant to chemical degradation and are also suitable for chemical reinforcement by ion exchange. In some embodiments, the glass compositions may further comprise minor amounts of one or more oxides such as, for example, Sn02, Zr02, ZnO, Ti02, Al203 or the like. These components can be added as refining agents and / or to further increase the chemical durability of the glass composition.
[0105] In embodiments of the glass container 100 described herein, the glass container is formed from a glass composition in which SiO2 is the major constituent of the composition and, as such, is the main constituent of the glass network resulting. SiO2 increases the chemical durability of the glass and, in particular, the strength of the acid decomposition glass composition and the resistance of the decomposition glass composition in water. Therefore, a high concentration of SiO2 is generally desired. However, if the SiO2 content is too high, the formability of the glass can be reduced in terms of higher concentrations of SiO2 and increase the difficulty of melting the glass which, in turn, has adverse effects on the formability of the glass. In the embodiments described herein, the glass composition generally comprises SiO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 67 mol% and less than or equal to about 80 mol%, or even less than or equal to 78 mol%. In some embodiments, the amount of SiO2 in the glass composition can be greater than about 68 mol%, greater than about 69 mol%, or even greater than about 70 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of SiO2 in the glass composition can be greater than 72 mol%, greater than 73 mol% or even greater than 74 mol%. For example, in some embodiments, the glass composition can include from about 68 mol% to about 80 mol%, or even up to 78 mol% of SiO2. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may include from about 69 mol% to about 80 mol%, or even up to about 78 mol% of SiO2. In some other embodiments, the glass composition can include from about 70 mol% to about 80 mol%, or even up to about 78 mol% of SiO2. In still other embodiments, the glass composition comprises SiO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 70 mol% and less than or equal to 78 mol%. In some embodiments, SiO2 may be present in the glass composition in an amount of about 72 mol% to about 78 mol%. In some other embodiments, SiO2 may be present in the glass composition in an amount between about 73 mol% to about 78 mol%. In other embodiments, SiO2 may be present in the glass composition in an amount between about 74 mol% to about 78 mol%. In still other embodiments, SiO2 can be present in the glass composition in an amount of about 70 mol% to about 76 mol%.
[0106] The glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed further includes Al2O3. Al2O3, together with alkaline oxides present in glass compositions such as Na20 or the like, increases the susceptibility of the glass to reinforce ion exchange. In the embodiments described here, Al2O3 is present in the X mol.% Glass compositions while the alkaline oxides are present in the Y mol% glass composition. The Y: X ratio in the glass compositions described here is greater than about 0.9, or even greater than or equal to about 1, in order to facilitate the susceptibility to reinforcement of ion exchange mentioned above. Specifically, the diffusion coefficient D or diffusivity of the glass composition refers to the rate at which alkaline ions penetrate the glass surface during ion exchange. Glass that has a Y: X ratio greater than about 0.9, or even greater than about 1, has a greater diffusivity than glasses that have a Y: X ratio less than 0.9. Glass in which the alkaline ions have a greater diffusivity can obtain a greater depth of layer for a given ion exchange time and glass ion exchange temperature, in which the alkaline ions have a lower diffusivity. In addition, as the Y: X ratio increases, the breaking point, annealing point and softening point of the glass, decrease in such a way that the glass is more easily conformable. In addition, for a given temperature and ion exchange time, it was found that the compression efforts induced in glasses that have a Y: X index greater than about 0.9 and less than or equal to 2, are generally greater than those obtained in glasses in which the Y: X ratio is less than 0.9 or greater than 2. Therefore, in some embodiments, the proportion of Y: X is greater than 0.9 or even greater than 1. In some embodiments, the Y: X ratio is greater than 0.9, or even greater than 1, and less than or equal to about 2. In still other embodiments, the Y: X ratio can be greater than or equal to about 1.3 and less than or equal to about 2.0 in order to maximize the amount of compression stress induced in the glass during a specified ion exchange time and a specified ion exchange temperature.
[0107] However, if the amount of Al2O3 in the glass composition is too high, the resistance of the glass composition to acid attack is decreased. Accordingly, the glass compositions described herein generally include Al2O3 in an amount greater than or equal to about 2 mol% and less than or equal to about 10 mol%. In some embodiments, the amount of Al2O3 in the glass composition is greater than or equal to about 4 mol% and less than or equal to about 8 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Al2O3 in the glass composition is greater than or equal to about 5 mol% less than or equal to about 7 mol%. In some other embodiments, the amount of Al2O3 in the glass composition is greater than or equal to about 6 mol% less than or equal to about 8 mol%. In still other embodiments, the amount of Al2O3 in the glass composition is greater than or equal to about 5 mol% less than or equal to about 6 mol%.
[0108] The glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed also includes one or more alkali metal oxides, such as Na20 and / or K20. Alkaline oxides facilitate the exchangeability of ions in the glass composition and, as such, facilitate chemically reinforcing the glass. The alkaline oxide can include one or more of Na20 and K20. Alkaline oxides are generally present in the glass composition at a total concentration of Y mol%. In some embodiments described herein, Y may be greater than about 2 mol% and less than or equal to about 18 mol%. In some other embodiments, Y may be greater than about 8 mol%, greater than about 9 mol%, greater than about 10 mol% or even greater than about 11 mol%. For example, in some embodiments described here, Y is greater than or equal to about 8 mol% and less than or equal to about 18 mol%. In still other embodiments, Y can be greater than or equal to about 9 mol% and less than or equal to about 14 mol%.
[0109] The ion exchange of the glass container 100 is transmitted, mainly to the glass container 100 by the amount of the alkaline oxide Na20 initially present in the glass composition, from which the glass container 100 is formed before reinforcement of ion exchange of the glass container. Thus, in the embodiments of the glass containers described herein, the alkaline oxide present in the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed includes at least Na20. Specifically, in order to achieve the desired compression strength and depth of the layer in the glass container on top of the ion exchange reinforcement, the glass compositions from which the glass container 100 is formed include Na20, in an amount from about 2 mol% to about 15 mol%. In some embodiments of the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed, it includes at least about 8 mol% Na20 based on the molecular weight of the glass composition. For example, the concentration of Na20 may be greater than 9 mol%., Greater than 10 mol% or even greater than 11 mol%. In some embodiments, the Na20 concentration may be greater than or equal to 9 mol% or even greater than or equal to 10 mol%. For example, in some embodiments the glass composition may include Na20 in an amount greater than or equal to about 9 mol% and less than or equal to about 15 mol% or even greater than or equal to about 9 mol %. and less than or equal to 13 mol%.
[0110] As noted above, the alkaline oxide in the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed, can further include K20. The amount of K20 present in the glass composition is also related to the ion exchange of the glass composition. Specifically, as the amount of K20 present in the glass composition increases the compression stress, which can be obtained through ion exchange which decreases as a result of the exchange of potassium and sodium ions. Therefore, it is desirable to limit the amount of K20 present in the glass composition. In some embodiments, the amount of K20 is greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 3 mol%. In some embodiments, the amount of K20 is less than or equal to 2 mol% or even less than or equal to 1.0 mol%. In embodiments where the glass composition includes K20, K20 may be present in a concentration greater than or equal to about 0.01 mol% and less than or equal to about 3.0 mol%, or even greater than or equal to about 0.01 mol% and less than or equal to about 2.0 mol%. In some embodiments, the amount of K20 present in the glass composition is greater than or equal to about 0.01 mol% and less than or equal to about 1.0 mol%. Therefore, it should be understood that K20 does not need to be present in the glass composition. However, when K20 is included in the glass composition, the amount of K20 is generally less than about 3 mol% based on the molecular weight of the glass composition.
[0111] The alkaline earth oxides present in the composition from which the glass container 100 is formed in general, improve the melting ability of the glass forming materials and increase the chemical durability of the glass composition and the glass container 100 In the embodiments of the glass container 100 described herein, the total mol% alkaline earth oxides present in the glass compositions is generally less than the total mol% alkaline oxides present in the glass compositions, in order to improve the ion exchangeability of the glass composition. In the embodiments described herein, the glass compositions from which the glass container 100 is formed generally include from about 3 mol% to about 13 mol% of alkaline earth oxide. In some of these embodiments, the amount of alkaline earth oxide in the glass composition can be from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol%, or even from about 4 mol% to about 7 mol%.
[0112] The alkaline earth oxide in the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed can include MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, alkaline earth oxide includes MgO, CaO or combinations thereof. For example, in the embodiments described herein, alkaline earth oxide includes MgO. MgO is present in the glass composition in an amount that is greater than or equal to about 3 mol% and less than or equal to about 8 mol% of MgO. In some embodiments, MgO may be present in the glass composition in an amount that is greater than or equal to about 3 mol% and less than or equal to about 7 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 4 mol % and less than or equal to about 7mol%. in molecular weight of the glass composition.
[0113] In some embodiments, alkaline earth oxide may also include CaO. In these embodiments, CaO is present in the glass composition in an amount comprised between about 0 mol% less than or equal to 6 mol% by molecular weight of the glass composition. For example, the amount of CaO present in the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed can be less than or equal to 5 mol%, Less than or equal to 4 mol%, less than or equal to 3 mol% , or even less than or equal to 2 mol%. In some of these embodiments, CaO may be present in the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to about 1 , 0 mol%. For example, CaO may be present in the glass composition in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.2 mol% and less than or equal to about 0.7 mol% Or even in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.3 mol% and less than or equal to about 0.6 mol%.
[0114] In the embodiments described herein, the glass compositions from which the glass container 100 is formed are generally rich in MgO, (that is, the concentration of MgO in the glass composition is greater than the concentration of other alkaline earth oxides in the glass composition, including, without limitation, CaO). Forming the glass container 100 from a glass composition in which the glass composition is rich in MgO improves the hydrolytic resistance of the resulting glass, in particular after the ion exchange reinforcement. In addition, glass compositions that are rich in MgO generally show better ion exchange performance than glass compositions that are rich in other alkaline earth oxides. Specifically, glasses formed from MgO-rich glass compositions generally have a higher diffusivity than glass compositions that are rich in other alkaline earth oxides, such as CaO. The greater diffusivity allows the formation of a greater depth of glass layer during the reinforcement of ion exchange. MgO-rich glass compositions also allow for a higher compression stress to be achieved on the glass surface compared to glass compositions that are rich in other alkaline earth oxides such as CaO. In addition, it is generally accepted that ions such as yields from exchange processes and alkaline ions penetrate more deeply into the glass, the maximum compression stress achieved on the glass surface may decrease over time. However, glasses formed from glass compositions that are rich in MgO are exposed to less reduction in the compressive stress than glasses formed from glass compositions that are rich in CaO or rich in other alkaline earth oxides (i.e. , glasses that are low in MgO). Thus, glass compositions rich in MgO allow the formation of glasses with greater compressive stress on the surface and greater layer depths than glasses which are rich in other alkaline earth oxides.
[0115] In order to fully understand the advantages of MgO in the glass compositions described here, it was determined that the relationship between the concentration of CaO to the sum of the concentration of CaO and MgO to the concentration in mol. % (That is, (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) should be minimized. Specifically, it was determined that (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) must be less than or equal to 0.5. In some embodiments (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) is less than or equal to 0.3, or even less than or equal to 0.2 In some other embodiments (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) it may even be less than or equal to 0.1.
[0116] Boron oxide (B2O3) is a flow that can be added to glass compositions from which glass container 100 is formed to reduce viscosity at a given temperature (for example, strain, annealing and temperatures softening) thus improving the glass forming ability. However, it has been found that the addition of boron significantly decreases the diffusivity of sodium and potassium ions in the glass composition, which in turn negatively impacts the performance of the glass resulting from ion exchange. In particular, it has been found that the addition of boron significantly increases the time required to reach a certain depth of glass layer in relation to compositions that are free of boron. Therefore, in some embodiments described herein, the amount of boron addition to the glass composition is minimized, in order to improve the ion exchange performance of the glass composition.
[0117] For example, it has been determined that the impact of boron on the ion exchange performance of a glass composition can be mitigated by controlling the relationship between the concentration of B203 for the difference between the total concentration of alkaline oxides (ie , R20, where R represents alkali metals) and alumina (ie, B203 (mol.) / (R20 (mol.) -Al203 (mol.)). In particular, it was determined that when the ratio of B2O3 / (R2O - AI2O3) is greater than or equal to about 0 and less than about 0.3 or even less than about 0.2, the diffusivities of alkaline earth oxides in glass compositions are not reduced and, as as such, the ion exchange performance of the glass composition is maintained, so in some embodiments, the proportion of B203 / (R20 - Al2O3) is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3. In some of these embodiments, the proportion of B203 / (R20 - Al2O3) is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2. proportion of B203 / (R 2 0 - Al203) is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.15, or even less than or equal to 0.1. In some other embodiments, the proportion of B203 / (R20 - Al2O3) can be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05. Maintaining the B203 / (R2O - Al2O3) ratio to be less than or equal to 0.3, or even less than or equal to 0.2 allows the inclusion of B203, to lower the stress point, annealing point and softening of the glass composition without B203 negatively impacts the performance of ion exchange glass.
[0118] In embodiments described herein, the concentration of B203 in the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed is generally less than or equal to about 4 mol%, less than or equal to about 3 mol%, less than or equal to about 2 mol%, or even less than or equal to 1 mol%. For example, in embodiments where B203 is present in the glass composition, the concentration of B203 can be greater than about 0.01 mol% and less than or equal to 4 mol%. In some of these embodiments, the concentration of B203 can be greater than about 0.01 mol% and less than or equal to 3 mol%. In some embodiments, B203 may be present in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.01 mol% and less than or equal to 2 mol%, or even less than or equal to 1.5 mol%. Alternatively, B203 may be present in an amount greater than or equal to about 1 mol% and less than or equal to 4 mol%, greater than or equal to about 1 mol% and less than or equal to 3 mol% or even greater than than or equal to about 1 mol% and less than or equal to 2 mol%. In some of these embodiments, the concentration of B203 can be greater than or equal to about 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%.
[0119] Although in some embodiments the concentration of B203 in the glass composition is minimized to improve the glass forming properties, without impairing the ion exchange performance of the glass, in some other embodiments, the glass compositions are free of boron and boron compounds, such as B203. Specifically, it was determined that the formation of the glass composition without boron or boron compounds improves the ion interchangeability of the glass compositions by reducing the process time and / or the temperature required to achieve a specific stress value and / or the depth of the compression layer.
[0120] In some embodiments, the glass compositions from which the glass container 100 is formed are phosphorus-free and phosphorus-containing compounds, including, without limitation, P205. Specifically, it has been determined that the formulation of the glass composition without phosphorus or phosphorus compounds increases the chemical durability of the glass container.
[0121] In addition to SiO2, Al2O3, alkaline oxides and alkaline earth oxides, the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed can optionally further comprise one or more clarifying agents, such as, for example, Sn0 2, As203, and / or CI "(from NaCl or the like). When a clarifying agent is present in the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed, the clarifying agent can be present in an amount less than or equal to about 1 mol% or even less than or equal to about 0.4 mol% For example, in some embodiments the glass composition may include Sn02 as a clarifying agent. of embodiment Sn02 may be present in the glass composition in an amount greater than about 0 mol% and less than or equal to about 1 mol%, or even an amount greater than or equal to about 0.01 mol% and less than or equal to about 0.30 mol%.
[0122] In addition, the glass compositions described herein may comprise one or more metal oxides, to further improve the chemical durability of the glass composition. For example, the glass composition can further include ZnO, Ti02, or Zr02, each of which further improves the resistance of the glass composition to chemical attack. In these embodiments, the additional metal oxide can be present in an amount that is greater than or equal to about 0 mol% and less than or equal to about 2 mol%. For example, when the additional metal oxide is ZnO, ZnO may be present in an amount greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to about 2 mol%. When the additional metal oxide is Zr02 or Ti02, Zr02 or Ti02 may be present in an amount less than or equal to about 1 mol%. However, it should be understood that these constituent components are optional and that, in some embodiments, the glass composition can be formed without these constituent components. For example, in some embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of zinc and / or compounds containing zinc. Likewise, the glass composition can be substantially free of titanium and / or compounds containing titanium. Likewise, the glass composition can be substantially free of zircon and / or zircon-containing compounds.
[0123] While several concentration ranges of constituent components of glass compositions have been described herein, it should be understood that each concentration range can be applicable to a variety of embodiments of glass compositions. In an exemplary embodiment, a glass composition can include from about 67 mol% to about 78 mol% of Si02; from about 3 mol% to about 13 mol% of alkaline earth oxide, in which the alkaline earth oxide comprises CaO, in an amount greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol %, and a ratio (CaO (mol%) / (CaO (mol%) + MgO (% by mol))) is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% Al2O3, where X is greater than or equal to 2 mol% and less than or equal to about 10 mol% ;. and Y mol% of alkaline oxide, characterized by a Y: X ratio is greater than 1.
[0124] In another exemplary embodiment, the glass composition can include from about 72 mol% to about 78 mol% Si02; from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol% of alkaline earth oxide, where the alkaline earth oxide comprises MgO and CaO and a ratio (CaO (mol%) / (CaO (mol%) + MgO (mol%.) )) which is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% Al2O3, where X is greater than or equal to about 4 mol% and less than or equal to about 8 mol%; and Y mol% alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises Na20 in an amount greater than or equal to about 9 mol% and less than or equal to about 15 mol%, a proportion of Y: X is greater than that 1.
[0125] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the glass composition can include from about 74 mol% to about 78 mol% SiO2; from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol%. alkaline earth oxide, where alkaline earth oxide comprises both MgO and CaO and a ratio (CaO (mol%) / (CaO (mol%) + MgO (mol%.))) is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% Al2O3, where X is greater than or equal to about 2 mol% air and less than or equal to about 10 mol%; and Y mol% of alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises Na20 in an amount greater than or equal to about 9 mol% and less than or equal to about 15 mol%, a proportion of Y :. X is greater than 1, and the glass composition is free of boron and boron compounds.
[0126] In another exemplary embodiment, the glass composition can include from about 74 mol% to about 78 mol% SiO2; from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol%. alkaline earth oxide, where alkaline earth oxide comprises MgO and CaO and a ratio (CaO (mol%) / (CaO (mol%) + MgO (mol%.))) is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% Al2O3, where X is greater than or equal to about 4 mol% air and less than or equal to about 8 mol%; and Y mol% of alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises Na20 in an amount greater than or equal to about 9 mol% and less than or equal to about 15 mol%, a proportion of Y :. X is greater than 1.
[0127] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the glass composition can include from about 74 mol% to about 78 mol% SiO2; alkaline earth oxide, comprising both CaO and MgO, wherein the alkaline earth oxide comprises CaO in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to about 1.0 mol% and a ratio (CaO (mol%.) / (CaO (mole%) + MgO (mol%))) which is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% Al2O3, where X is greater than or equal to about 2 mol% and less than or equal to about 10 mol% ;. and Y mol% of alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises from about 0.01 mol% to about 1.0 mol% of K20 and a Y: X ratio is greater than 1.
[0128] In addition, it has been found that certain species of the components of the glass composition, from which glass containers can be formed, can be volatile in the formation and reforming of glass at temperatures which, in turn, can lead to heterogeneity of composition and subsequent delamination of the glass container. Formation and reformation of temperatures in the glass composition generally correspond to the temperatures at which the glass composition has a viscosity in the range of about 200 poise to about 20 k poise or even from about 1 to about k poise to 10 k poise . Therefore, in some embodiments, the glass composition, from which the glass containers are formed, are free of constituent components that form species that volatilize at temperatures corresponding to a viscosity in the range from about 200 poise to about of 50 Kilopoise. In other embodiments, the glass compositions, from which the glass containers are formed, are free of constituent components that form species that volatilize at temperatures corresponding to a viscosity in the range of about 1 Kilopoise to about 10 Kilopoise .
[0129] The glass compositions described here are formed by mixing a batch of glass raw materials (for example, SiO2, Al2O3 powders, alkaline oxides, alkaline earth oxides and the like) in such a way that the batch of raw materials of glass has the desired composition. Then, the batch of glass raw materials is heated to form a melting glass composition, which is subsequently cooled and solidified to form the glass composition. During solidification (i.e., when the glass composition is plastically deformable), the glass composition can be shaped, using conventional molding techniques, to form the glass composition to a desired final shape. Alternatively, the glass composition can be shaped into a tongue shape, such as a sheet, tube or the like, and subsequently reheated and formed into the glass container 100.
[0130] The glass compositions described herein can be shaped into various shapes, such as, for example, sheets, tubes or the like. However, given the chemical stability of the glass composition, the glass compositions described herein are particularly well suited for use in forming pharmaceutical packaging to contain a pharmaceutical formulation, such as liquids, powders and the like. For example, the glass compositions described herein can be used to form glass containers such as vials, ampoules, cartridges, syringe bodies and / or any other glass container for storing pharmaceutical formulations. In addition, the ability to chemically reinforce glass compositions through ion exchange can be used to improve the mechanical durability of such pharmaceutical packaging. Therefore, it should be understood that, in at least one embodiment, the glass compositions are incorporated into a pharmaceutical package, in order to improve the chemical durability and / or the mechanical durability of the pharmaceutical package.
[0131] With reference also to FIG. 1, the presence of alkaline oxides in the glass composition from which the glass container 100 is formed, facilitates chemically reinforcing the glass by ion exchange. Specifically, alkaline ions, such as potassium ions, sodium ions and the like, are sufficiently mobile to facilitate ion exchange. In some embodiments, the glass composition is exchangeable so as to form a compression stress layer having a layer depth of greater than or equal to about 3 μm and up to about 150 μm. For example, in some embodiments, the glass composition is ion exchange to form a compression stress layer having a layer depth greater than or equal to 10 μm. In some embodiments, the depth of the layer may be greater than or equal to about 25 μm or even greater than or equal to about 50 μm. In some other embodiments, the depth of the layer may be greater than or equal to 75 μm or even greater than or equal to 100 μm. In still other embodiments, the depth of the layer can be greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to about 100 μm. In some embodiments, the depth of the layer may be greater than or equal to about 30 μm and less than or equal to about 150 μm. In some embodiments, the depth of the layer may be greater than or equal to about 30 μm and less than or equal to about 80 μm. In some other embodiments, the depth of the layer may be greater than or equal to about 35 μm and less than or equal to about 50 μm. The compressive stress on the surfaces of the glass container (i.e., the outer surface 106 and / or the inner surface 104) is greater than or equal to about 200 MPa. For example, in some embodiments, the compressive stress may be greater than or equal to 300 MPa, or even greater than or equal to about 350 MPa after the ion exchange reinforcement. In some embodiments, the compression on the surfaces of the glass container can be greater than or equal to about 300 MPa and less than or equal to about 750 MPa. In some other embodiments, the compression on the surfaces of the glass container can be greater than or equal to about 400 MPa and less than or equal to about 700 MPa. In still other embodiments, the compression on the surfaces of the glass container can be greater than or equal to about 500 MPa and less than or equal to about 650 MPa.
[0132] Various ion exchange techniques can be used to achieve the compression stress and the desired depth of the layer in the glass container 100. For example, in some embodiments, the ion exchange glass container is reinforced by submersion of the glass container in a molten salt bath and retain the glass container in a salt bath for a predetermined time and the predetermined temperature in order to exchange the larger alkaline ions in the salt bath for smaller alkaline ions in the glass and thus , achieve the desired layer depth and a compressive stress. The salt bath can include 100% KNO3 or a mixture of KNO3 and NaN03. For example, in one embodiment of the molten salt bath it can include KN03 with up to about 10% NaN03. The temperature of the molten salt bath may be greater than or equal to 350 ° C and less than or equal to 500 ° C. In some embodiments, the temperature of the molten salt bath may be greater than or equal to 400 ° C and less than or equal to 500 ° C. In still other embodiments, the temperature of the molten salt bath can be greater than or equal to 450 ° C and less than or equal to 475 ° C. glass can be kept in the molten salt bath for about greater than or equal to 0.5 hours and less than or equal to about 30 hours or even less than or equal to 20 hours in order to achieve the desired depth of compression layer and tension. For example, in some embodiments the glass container may be kept in the molten salt bath for greater than or equal to 4 hours and less than or equal to about 12 hours. In other embodiments, the glass container can be made in the molten salt bath of greater than or equal to about 5 hours and less than or equal to about 8 hours. In an exemplary embodiment, the glass container can be ion exchange in a molten salt bath comprising 100% KN03 at a temperature greater than or equal to about 400 ° C and less than or equal to about 500 ° C for a period of time greater than or equal to about 5 hours and less than or equal to about 8 hours.
[0133] The glass containers described here can have a hydrolytic resistance of HGB2 or even HGB1 according to the ISO 719 standard and / or a hydrolytic resistance of HGA2 or even HGA1 according to the ISO 720 standard (as described here below), in addition to having improved the mechanical characteristics due to the strengthening of ion exchange. In some embodiments described here, glass articles may have compression stress layers that extend from the surface to the glass article at a layer depth greater than or equal to 25 μm or even greater than or equal to 35 μm. In some embodiments, the depth of the layer may be greater than or equal to 40 μm or even greater than or equal to 50 μm. The compressive stress of the glass article surface may be greater than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 350 MPa, or even greater than or equal to 400 MPa. The glass compositions described herein facilitate the achievement of the aforementioned surface layer depths and compression stresses more quickly and / or at lower temperatures than conventional glass compositions due to the improved alkaline ion diffusivity of glass compositions such as described here above. For example, layer depths (that is, greater than or equal to 25 μm) and compression stresses (that is, greater than or equal to 250 MPa) can be achieved by exchanging ions from the glass article in a molten salt bath of 100% KNO3 (or a mixed salt bath of KNO3 and NaN03) for a period of time less than or equal to 5 hours, or even less than or equal to 4.5 hours, at a temperature below or equal to 500 ° C or even less than or equal to 450 ° C. In some embodiments, the length of time to reach these layer depths and compression stresses can be less than or equal to 4 hours or even less than or equal to 3.5 hours. The temperature to reach these layer depths and compression stresses can be less than or equal to 400 ° C.
[0134] These improved ion exchange characteristics can be achieved when the glass composition, from which the glass container 100 is formed, has a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C or even greater than or equal to 20 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. In some embodiments, the threshold diffusivity may be greater than or equal to about 25 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C or even 30 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. In some other embodiments, the threshold diffusivity can be greater than or equal to about 35 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C or even 40 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. In still other embodiments, the threshold diffusivity can be greater than or equal to about 45 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C or even 50 μni / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C.
[0135] The glass compositions, from which the glass container 100 is generally formed, may have a stress point greater than or equal to about 525 ° C and less than or equal to about 650 ° C. The glasses may also have an annealing point greater than or equal to about 560 ° C and less than or equal to about 725 ° C and a softening point greater than or equal to about 750 ° C and less than or equal to about 960 ° C.
[0136] In embodiments described here, the glass compositions have a CTE of less than about 70x10 - 7 K -1 or even less than about 60x10 - 7 K -1. These lower CTE values improve the glass's survivability to thermal cycles or thermal stress conditions compared to higher CTE glass compositions.
[0137] In addition, the glass compositions from which the 100 glass container can be formed are chemically durable and wear resistant, as determined by DIN 12116, ISO 695, ISO 719, and ISO 720 standard.
[0138] The ISO 695 standard is a measure of the glass's resistance to decomposition when placed in a basic solution. Soon, the ISO 695 standard uses a sample of polished glass that is weighed and then placed in a boiling solution of 1M NaOH + 0.5M Na2C03 for 3 hours. The sample is then removed from the solution, dried and weighed again. The glass mass lost during exposure to the base solution is a measure of the base durability of the sample with lower numbers indicating greater durability. As with DIN 12116, the results of ISO 695 are presented in units of mass per unit area, specifically mg / dm. The ISO 695 standard is divided into individual lessons. Class Al indicates weight loss of up to 75 mg / dm, Class A2 indicates weight loss of 75 mg / dm to 175 mg / dm; and Class A3 indicates weight losses of more than 175 mg / dm.
[0139] The ISO 720 standard is a measure of the glass's resistance to degradation in purified CO2-free water. In summary, the ISO 720 standard protocol uses crushed glass grains, which are placed in contact with the purified, C02-free water in autoclave conditions (121 ° C, 2 atm) for 30 minutes. The solution is then titrated colorimetrically with diluted HCl to neutral pH. The amount of HCl required to titrate to a neutral solution is then converted to an equivalent of Na20 extracted from the glass and reported in mg of Na20 per weight of glass with lower values indicating greater durability. The ISO 720 standard is divided into individual types. Type HGA1 is indicative of up to 62 μg equivalents extracted from Na20 per gram of tested glass; Type HGA2 is indicative of more than 62 μg and 527 μg until extracted Na20 equivalent per gram of tested glass; and Type HGA3 is indicative of more than 527 μg and 930 μg until the equivalent of Na20 is extracted per gram of tested glass.
[0140] The ISO 719 standard is a measure of the glass's resistance to degradation in purified C02-free water. In summary, the ISO 719 standard protocol uses crushed glass grains, which are placed in contact with C02-free purified water at a temperature of 98 ° C at 1 atmosphere for 30 minutes. The solution is then titrated colorimetrically with diluted HCl to neutral pH. The amount of HCl required to titrate to a neutral solution is then converted to an equivalent of Na20 extracted from the glass and reported in mg of Na20 per glass weight, with lower values indicating greater durability. The ISO 719 standard is divided into individual types. The ISO 719 standard is divided into individual types. Type HGB1 is indicative of up to 31 μg of equivalent extracted from Na20; Type HGB2 is indicative of more than 31 μg to 62 μg extracted from Na20 equivalent; Type HGB3 is indicative of more than 62 μg and up to 264 μg extracted from Na20 equivalent; Type HGB4 is indicative of more than 264 μg and up to 620 μg extracted from Na20 equivalent; and Type HGB5 is indicative of more than 620 μg and up to 1085 μg extracted from Na20 equivalent. The glass compositions described herein have an ISO 719 hydrolytic resistance of the type HGB2 or better, with some embodiments having a hydrolytic resistance of the type HGB1.
[0141] The glass compositions described herein have an acid resistance of at least class S3 according to DIN 12116 before and after the ion exchange reinforcement, with some embodiments having at least an acid resistance of class S2 or even the next SI class of ion exchange reinforcement. In some other embodiments, the glass compositions may have an acid resistance of class S2, at least, both before and after the ion exchange reinforcement with some embodiments having an acid resistance of the next class of SI reinforcement ion exchange. In addition, the glass compositions described here have a base resistance according to ISO 695 of at least class A2 before and after the ion exchange reinforcement with some embodiments having a class A1 base resistance, at least least after the reinforcement of ion exchange. The glass compositions described here also have a hydrolytic resistance type HGA2 of ISO 720, both before and after the exchange of reinforcement ions with some embodiments having a hydrolytic resistance type HGA1 after reinforcement of ion exchange and some other embodiments that have hydrolytic resistance of a type of HGA1, both before and after strengthening ion exchange. The glass compositions described herein have a hydrolytic resistance of the type HGB2 ISO 719 or better, with some embodiments having a hydrolytic resistance of the type HGB1. It should be understood that, when referring to the above mentioned classifications according to DIN 12116, ISO 695, ISO 720 and ISO 719, a glass glass article or composition that has "at least" a specific classification means that the performance of the glass composition is as good or better than the specified rating. For example, a glass article that has a resistance to DIN 12116 acids of "at least class S2" may be classified under a standard DIN 12116 SI or S2.
[0142] Regarding the USP <660> test and / or the European Pharmacopoeia 3.2.1 test, the glass containers described here have a Type 1 chemical durability. As noted above, the USP <660> and Pharmacopeia tests European 3.2.1 are carried out in intact glass containers instead of crushed glass grains and, as such, USP <660> and European Pharmacopeia 3.2.1 tests can be used to directly assess the chemical durability of the inner surface of the containers of glass.
[0143] In addition to being only chemically durable and resistant to degradation, as determined by the DIN 12116 standard, the ISO 695 standard, the ISO 719 standard and the ISO 720 standard, the glass containers described here have characteristics of homogeneous composition in that the formation condition, as described in US Patent Application Serial No. 13 / 912,457 filed June 7, 2013 and entitled "Delamination-resistant glass containers", the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. As such, the glass containers have an improved resistance to delamination. It is believed that the improved resistance to delamination of glass containers is due to the formation of glass containers from glass compositions that are substantially free of volatile species, such as species formed from phosphorus, which, for in turn, it leads to a more homogeneous composition profile, both through the thickness of the glass container, as well as on the interior surfaces of the glass containers.
[0144] Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the glass containers described herein have a homogeneous composition across the thickness of the glass body 102, in each of the wall, bottom, and floor portions. Specifically, FIG. 2 schematically represents a partial cross section of a wall portion 110 of the glass container 100. The glass body 102 of the glass container 100 has an inner region 160, which extends from about 10 nm below the inner surface 104 , of the glass container 100 (indicated in Fig. 2 as DLR1) for the thickness of the wall portion 110, at a depth DLR2, from the inner surface 104 of the glass container. The interior region, which extends from about 10 nm below the interior surface 104, is differentiated from the initial composition from 5 to 10 nm below the surface due to experimental artifacts. At the start of a DSIMS analysis, the initial 5 to 10 nm is not included in the analysis because of three concerns: variable sputtering rate of ions from the surface as a result of accidental carbon, the establishment of a steady state load, partly due to the variable rate of sputtering, and species mix when establishing a steady state sputtering condition. As a result, the first two points of data analysis are excluded, as shown in the graphs of the exemplary Figs. 25 A, 25B and 26. Therefore, it should be understood that the inner region 160 has a TLR thickness that is equal to DLR2 - DLR1. The glass composition within the interior region has a persistent layer homogeneity that, in conjunction with the TLR thickness of the interior region, is sufficient to prevent delamination of the glass body, after long-term exposure to a solution contained in the interior volume of the container body. In some embodiments, the TLR thickness is at least about 100 nm. In some embodiments, the TLR thickness is at least about 150 nm. In some other embodiments, the thickness T LR is at least about 200 nm or even about 250 nm. In some other embodiments, the thickness T LR is at least about 300 nm or even about 350 nm. In still other embodiments, the thickness T LR is at least about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the inner region 160 can extend to a thickness T LR of at least about 1 μm or even at least about 2 μm.
[0145] While the inner region is described here above as extending from 10 nm below the inner surface 104 of the glass container 100 to the thickness of the wall portion 110 at a depth DLR2 from the inner surface 104 of the glass container, this should be understood that other embodiments are possible. For example, if the hypothesis is that, despite the experimental artifacts noted above, the interior region with the persistent homogeneity layer may actually extend from the interior surface 104 of the glass container 100 to the thickness of the wall portion. Therefore, in some embodiments, the thickness T LR can extend from the inner surface to the depth D LR2. In these embodiments, the thickness T LR can be at least about 100 nm. In some embodiments, the thickness T LR is at least about 150 nm. In some other embodiments, the thickness T LR is at least about 200 nm or even about 250 nm. In some other embodiments, the thickness T LR is at least about 300 nm or even about 350 nm. In still other embodiments, the thickness T LR is at least about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the inner region 160 can extend to a thickness T LR of at least about 1 μm or even at least about 2 μm.
[0146] In embodiments described here, the phrase "persistent homogeneity layer" means that the concentration of the constituent components (eg SiO2, Al2O3, Na20, etc.) of the glass composition within the region, does not vary from the concentration of the same constituent components, at the midpoint of the thickness of the glass body (that is, at a midpoint along the line that bisects the MP line uniformly from the glass body between the inner surface 104 and the outer surface 106) by an amount that would result in delamination of the glass body after long-term exposure to a solution contained within the glass container. In the embodiments described here, the homogeneity of the persistent layer in the interior region of the glass body is such that an extreme (that is, the maximum or minimum) of a concentration layer of each of the components of the glass composition in the interior region 160 is greater than or equal to about 80% and less than or equal to about 120% of the same constituent component at a midpoint of a thickness of the glass body, when the glass container 100 is in forming condition. In other embodiments, the homogeneity of the persistent layer in the interior region of the glass body is such that the ends of the concentration layer of each of the components of the glass composition in the interior region 160, is greater than or equal to about 90% and less than or equal to about 110% of the same constituent component at the midpoint of the thickness of the glass body, when the glass container 100 is in forming condition. In still other embodiments, the homogeneity of the persistent layer in the interior region of the glass body is such that the ends of the concentration layer of each of the components of the glass composition in the interior region 160, is greater than or equal at about 92% and less than or equal to about 108% of the same constituent component at the midpoint of the thickness of the glass body, when the glass container 100 is in formed condition. In some embodiments, the layer of persistent homogeneity is exclusive to the constituent components of the glass composition which are present in an amount of less than about 2 mol%.
[0147] The term "forming condition", as used herein, refers to the composition of the glass container 100 after the glass container has been formed from glass stock, but before the container is exposed to any additional processing steps, such as reinforcing ion exchange, coating, treatment with ammonium sulfate or the like. In the embodiments described here, the layer concentration of the constituent components, the glass composition is determined by taking a sample of composition through the thickness of the glass body in the zone of interest, using dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy. In the embodiments described here, the composition profile is sampled from areas of the inner surface 104 of the glass body 102. The sample areas have a maximum area of 1 mm. This technique gives rise to a species composition profile in the glass as a function of depth from the interior surface of the glass body to the sampled area.
[0148] Forming the glass container with a layer of persistent homogeneity as described above, in general, increases the resistance of the glass container to delamination. Specifically, providing an interior region, which is homogeneous in composition (ie, the extremes of the concentration of the constituent components of the interior region are within +/- 20% of the same constituent components, at the midpoint of the thickness of the glass body) avoids the localized concentration of components of the glass composition that may be susceptible to leaching, which in turn reduces the loss of glass particles from the inner surface of the glass container in the event that these constituent components are leached from the surface of the glass glass.
[0149] As mentioned here, the container in forming condition is free from coatings, including inorganic and / or organic coatings applied to the inner surface of the glass body. Therefore, it should be understood that the body of the glass container is formed from a substantially unitary composition that extends from the interior surface of the body to a depth of at least 250 nm, or even at least 300 nm. The term "unitary composition" refers to the fact that the glass from which the part of the body extending from the inner surface to the thickness of the body to a depth of at least 250 nm, or even at least 300 nm, is a unique material composition compared to a coating material applied to another material of either the same or different composition. For example, in some embodiments, the container body can be constructed from a single glass composition. In another embodiment, the container body can be constructed from laminated glass such that the inner surface of the body has a unitary composition, which extends from the inner surface to a depth of at least 250 nm , or even at least 300 nm. The glass container may include a region extending from the interior, or the interior surface, or from 10 nm below the interior surface to a depth of at least 100 nm, as described above. This interior region may have a layer of persistent homogeneity.
[0150] With reference now to FIGS. 1 and 3, the glass containers described herein can also have a homogeneous surface composition on the inner surface 104 of the body 102, including glass in the wall, bottom, and floor portions. Fig. 3 schematically represents a partial cross section of a wall portion 110 of the glass container 100. The glass container 100 has a surface area 165 that extends over the entire inner surface of the glass container. Surface zone 165 has a DSR depth that extends from the inner surface 104 of the glass container 100 to a thickness of the glass body towards the outer surface. Therefore, it should be understood that the surface region 165 has a TSR thickness that is equal to the DSR depth. In some embodiments, the surface region extends to a DSR depth of at least about 10 nm from the inner surface 104 of the glass container 100. In some other embodiments, the surface region 165 may extend up to a DSR depth of at least about 50 nm. In some other embodiments, the surface region 165 may extend to a DSR depth from about 10 nm to about 50 nm. Therefore, it should be understood that the surface region 165 extends to a lesser depth than the interior region 160. The glass composition of the surface region has a persistent surface homogeneity, which, together with the depth DSR at interior region, is sufficient to prevent delamination of the glass body, after long-term exposure to a solution contained within the volume of the glass container.
[0151] In embodiments described here, the phrase "surface of persistent homogeneity" means that the concentration of the constituent components (eg SiO2, Al2O3, Na20, etc.) of the glass composition at a discrete point in the surface region does not they vary from the concentration of the same constituent components, at any second point in the discrete region of the surface by an amount that would result in delamination of the glass body after long-term exposure to a solution contained within the glass container. In the embodiments described here, the homogeneity of the persistent surface in the surface region is such that, for a discrete point on the inner surface 104 of the glass container, the extreme (that is, minimum or maximum) of the surface concentration of each one of the constituent components in the region of surface 165, at a discrete point is greater than or equal to about 70% and less than or equal to about 130% of the same constituent components, in the region of surface 165 at any second discrete point on the inner surface 104 of the glass container 100, when the glass container 100 is in formed condition. For example, FIG. 3 illustrates three discrete points (A, B, and C) on the inner surface 104 of the wall portion 110. Each point is separated from a point adjacent to at least about 3 mm. The extremes in the surface concentration of each of the constituent components of surface region 165 at point "A" is greater than or equal to about 70% and less than or equal to about 130% of the same constituent components in the region surface 165 at points "B" and "C". When referring to the bottom part of the container, the discrete points can be approximately centered at the apex of the bottom with adjacent points located at least 3 mm from the apex of the bottom, along the floor portion of the container and along the portion of the container wall, the distance between the points being limited by the radius of the bottle and the height of the side wall (ie, the point at which the side wall transitions to the shoulder of the bottle.
[0152] In some embodiments, the homogeneity of the persistent surface in the region of the surface is such that the extremes of the surface concentration of each of the components of the glass composition, in the region of the surface 165 to any discrete point on the interior surface 104 of the glass container 100 is greater than or equal to about 75% and less than or equal to about 125% of the same constituent component in the region of the surface 165 at any second discrete point on the inner surface 104 of the glass container 100, when the glass container 100 is in formed condition. In some other embodiments, the homogeneity of the surface persisting in the region of the surface is such that the extremes of the surface concentration of each of the components of the glass composition, in the region of the surface 165 to any discrete point on the inner surface 104 of the container glass 100 is greater than or equal to about 80% and less than or equal to about 120% of the same constituent component in the region of surface 165 at any second discrete point on the inner surface 104 of glass container 100, when the glass container 100 is in the formed condition. In still other embodiments, the homogeneity of the surface persistent in the surface region is such that the extremes of the surface concentration of each of the components of the glass composition, in the region of the surface 165 to any discrete point on the inner surface 104 of the container of glass 100 is greater than or equal to about 85% and less than or equal to about 115% of the same constituent component in the region of surface 165, at any second discrete point on the inner surface 104 of glass container 100 when the glass container 100 is in the formed condition. In the embodiments described here, the surface concentration of the components of the glass composition in the region of the surface is measured by photo electron spectroscopy. In some embodiments, the homogeneity of the persistent surface in the surface region is exclusive to the constituent components of the glass composition which are present in an amount of less than about 2 moles.
[0153] The homogeneity of the surface concentration of the glass constituent components in the surface region 165 is generally an indication of the propensity of the glass composition to delaminate and release the glass particles from the inner surface 104 of the container 100. When the glass glass composition has a persistent surface homogeneity in the region of the surface 165 (that is, when the extremes of the surface concentration of the constituent components of glass, in the region of the surface 165 at a discrete point on the inner surface 104 is within + / - 30% of it, constituent components in the region of the surface 165 at any second discrete point on the inner surface 104), the glass composition has an improved resistance to delamination.
[0154] It should now be understood that the glass containers described herein have a persistent layer homogeneity and / or a persistent surface homogeneity, each of which improves the resistance of the glass containers to delamination. The homogeneity of the persistent layer and / or the homogeneity of the persistent surfaces are present, not only in the side wall portions of the glass containers, but also in the base and floor portions of the glass container in such a way that the surfaces of the glass container glass that delimit the interior volume are resistant to delamination.
[0155] As noted above, delamination can result in the release of flakes of silica-rich glass into a solution contained within the glass container after prolonged exposure to the solution. Therefore, resistance to delamination can be characterized by the number of glass particles present in a solution contained within the glass container after exposure to the solution, under specific conditions. In order to assess the long-term resistance of the glass container to delamination, an accelerated delamination test was used. The test was carried out in both glass containers with ion-exchanged and non-ionic exchange. The test consisted of washing the glass container at room temperature for 1 minute and depyrogenating the container at about 320 ° C for 1 hour. Then a 20 mM glycine solution with a pH of 10 in water is placed in the 80 to 90% filling glass container, the glass container is closed, and quickly heated to 100 ° C and then heated from 100 ° C to 121 ° C at a ramp speed of 1 ° / min at a pressure of 2 atmospheres. The glass vessel and solution were kept at this temperature for 60 minutes, cooled to room temperature at a rate of 0.5 °. C / Min, and the heating and safe cycle are repeated. The glass container is then heated to 50 ° C and maintained for ten or more days of high temperature conditioning. After heating, the glass container is dropped from a distance of at least 18 ”onto a firm surface, such as a laminated tile floor, to dislodge any particles or flakes that are loosely adhered to the interior surface of the glass container. The drop distance can be dimensioned appropriately to avoid larger jars of the fracture on impact.
[0156] Then, the solution contained in the glass container is analyzed to determine the number of glass particles present per liter of solution. Specifically, the glass container solution is poured directly over the center of a Millipore Isopore membrane filter (Millipore # ATTP02500 carried out in an assembly with parts and AP1002500 # # M000025A0) connected to a suction aspirator to extract the solution through the filter within 10 to 15 seconds for 5 mL. Thereafter, another 5 mL of water was used as a wash to remove buffer residues from the filter medium. Particle flakes are then counted by differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) in reflection mode, as described in "Differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) and modulation contrast microscopy" of Fundamentals of light microscopy and digital image. New York: Wiley-Liss, pp 153-168. The field of view is adjusted to about 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm and particles larger than 50 microns are counted manually. There are nine measurements that are made at the center of each filter membrane in a 3 X 3 pattern with no overlap between the images. If larger areas of the filter medium are analyzed, the results can be normalized to the equivalent area (ie 20.25 mm). The images collected from the optical microscope are examined with an image analysis program (Media Cybernetics' s ImagePro Plus version 6.1) to measure and count the number of glass flakes present. This was done as follows: all features within the image that appeared darker than the background by simple segmentation in shades of gray were highlighted; the length, width, area and perimeter of all highlighted features that are longer than 25 micrometers are then measured; obviously, any particles that are not glass are then removed from the data; the measurement data is then exported to a spreadsheet. Then, all features larger than 25 micrometers in length and brighter than the bottom are extracted and measured; the length, width, area, perimeter, and XY ratio of all highlighted features that are longer than 25 micrometers are measured aspect; obviously, any glass particles are not removed from the data; and the measurement data is attached to the data previously exported in the spreadsheet. The data in a spreadsheet is then classified by the feature film and broken into boxes according to size. The results presented are of features greater than 50 micrometers in length. Each of these groups were then counted and the counts reported for each of the samples.
[0157] A minimum of 100 ml of solution is tested. As such, the solution from a plurality of small containers can be brought together to bring the total amount of the solution to 100 ml. For containers having a volume greater than 10 mL, the test is repeated for an assay of 10 containers, formed from the same glass composition, under the same processing conditions and the result of the particle count is averaged for the 10 containers to determine an average particle count. Alternatively, in the case of small containers, the test is repeated for a test of 10 vials, each of which is analyzed and the average particle count over multiple attempts to determine an average particle count per test. Calculating the average particle count over several containers is responsible for possible variations in the delamination behavior of individual containers. Table 1 summarizes some non-limiting examples of sample volumes and number of test vessels: Table 1: Sample table testing samples Mini total mum


[0158] It should be understood that the aforementioned test is used to identify particles that are eliminated from the inside of the glass container wall (s) due to delamination and not to harvest particles present in the particle-forming container or processes which precipitate from the solution contained in the glass container as a result of reactions between the solution and the glass. Specifically, delamination particles can be differentiated from glass particles based on the aspect ratio of the particle (that is, the ratio of the maximum particle length to the particle thickness, or a ratio of maximum to minimum dimensions ). Delamination produces lamellar particles or flakes that are irregularly shaped and typically have a maximum length greater than about 50 μm but often greater than about 200 μm. The thickness of the flakes is generally greater than about 100 nm and can be as large as about 1 μm. In this way, the minimum aspect ratio of the flakes is typically greater than about 50. The aspect ratio can be greater than about 100 and sometimes greater than about 1000. In contrast, the glass particles will have generally a low aspect ratio, which is less than about 3. Therefore, the particles resulting from delamination can be differentiated from particles based on the harvesting aspect during observation with the microscope. Other unusual glass particles include hair, fibers, metal particles, plastic particles, and other contaminants that are excluded during inspection. The validation of the results can be done through the evaluation of regions inside the tested containers. After observation, evidence of skin removal from corrosion / corrosion / flake, as described in "Non-destructive detection of glass containers of superficial internal morphology with differential interference contrast microscopy" of the Jornal de Ciências Farmacêuticas 101 (4), 2012 , pages 1378-1384, is known.
[0159] In the embodiments described here, the number of particles can be used after the accelerated delamination test to establish a delamination factor for the set of vials tested. In the embodiments described here, tests on glass containers having an average of 10 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test are considered to have a factor of 10 the delamination. In the embodiments described here, testing of glass containers having an average of less than 9 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the Accelerated delamination is considered to have a factor of 9 for delamination. In the embodiments described here, tests on glass containers having an average of 8 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test are considered to have a factor of 8 the delamination. In the embodiments described here, tests on glass containers that have an average of 7 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test are considered to have a factor of 7 the delamination. In the embodiments described here, tests on glass containers having an average of 6 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test are considered to have a delamination factor 6. In the embodiments described here, glass container tests that average less than 5 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test is considered to have a factor of 5 delamination. In the embodiments described here, tests on glass containers that have an average of 4 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test are considered to have a factor of 4 the delamination. In the embodiments described here, glass container tests that average less than 3 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test are considered to have a factor of 3 the delamination. In the embodiments described here, glass container tests that average less than 2 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test are considered to have a factor of 2 to delamination. In the embodiments described here, glass container tests that have a particle average of less than 1 glass with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the delamination test accelerated are considered to have a delamination factor of one. In the embodiments described here, tests of glass containers having 0 glass particles with a minimum length of about 50 μm and an aspect ratio of greater than about 50 per test after the accelerated delamination test are considered to be having a delamination factor of 0. Thus, it must be understood that the lower the delamination factor, the better the resistance of the glass container to the delamination. In the embodiments described here, the glass containers have a delamination factor of 10 or less (for example, a delamination factor of 3, 2, 1 or 0).
[0160] Glass containers with the characteristics described above (ie, homogeneous compositions along the inner surface and through thickness, as well as resistance to delamination) are obtained by forming glass containers from glass compositions in the which are the components of the glass composition form of species with relatively low vapor pressures (i.e., species with low volatility) at the temperatures required to reform the glass containers from the glass stock in the form of the desired container. Since these constituent components to form species with relatively low vapor pressures at the reforming temperatures, the constituent components are less likely to volatilize and evaporate from the glass surfaces, thereby forming a glass container with a surface of homogeneous composition along the inside of the glass container and through the thickness of the glass container.
[0161] In addition to being chemically durable and resistant to degradation, as determined by DIN 12116, ISO 695, ISO 719 and ISO 720, and which has an improved resistance to delamination, glass containers described herein also include a heat-tolerant coating, which increases the resistance of the glass container to frictive damage. The coating is thermally stable at elevated temperatures and, as such, is suitable for use in pharmaceutical packaging that undergoes treatment at elevated temperature before filling.
[0162] With reference to Figs. 1 and 4, the heat-tolerant coating 120 is positioned on the outer surface 106 of the glass container 100. In some embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating 120 may comprise a layer of coupling agent 180 that is in direct contact with the outer surface 106 of the glass container 100 and may further comprise a low friction layer 170 which is in direct contact with the coupling agent layer 180. However, it should be understood that, in some embodiments, the tolerant coating the heat 120 may not include a coupling agent and the low friction layer 180 layer 170 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 106 of the glass container 100. In some embodiments, the heat tolerant coating 120 is a coating as described in US Patent No. Ser. No. 13 / 780,740 filed on February 28, 2013 and entitled "Glass articles with low friction coatings", the totality of which is incorporated by reference.
[0163] In general, a heat-tolerant coating can be applied to a surface of a glass article, such as a container that can be used as a pharmaceutical package. The heat-tolerant coating can provide advantageous properties for the coated glass article, such as a reduced coefficient of friction and increased damage resistance. The reduced friction coefficient can provide better strength and durability for the glass article by mitigating frictional damage to the glass. In addition, the heat-tolerant coating or maintaining the aforementioned improved strength and durability characteristics after exposure to elevated temperatures and other conditions, such as those experienced during the packaging and pre-conditioning steps of pharmaceutical products used in packaging, such as such as, for example, depirogentation, auto clavage and the like. Thus, heat-tolerant coatings and glass articles with heat-tolerant coating are thermally stable.
[0164] The heat-tolerant coating can generally comprise a coupling agent, such as a silane, and a polymer chemical composition, such as a polyimide. In some embodiments, the coupling agent can be arranged in a layer of coupling agent positioned on the surface of the glass article and the chemical composition of the polymer can be arranged in a low friction layer positioned on the coupling agent layer. Therefore, it should be understood that the low friction layer comprises a chemical composition of the polymer. In other embodiments, the coupling agent and the chemical composition of the polymer can be mixed in a single layer to form the heat-tolerant coating.
[0165] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a cross section of a glass container with a heat-tolerant coating 100. The heat-tolerant coating 120 is positioned on at least a portion of the outer surface 106 of the glass body 102. In some embodiments, the The heat-tolerant coating 120 can be positioned over the entire outer surface 106 of the glass body 102. The heat-tolerant coating 120 has an outer surface 122 and a contact surface with the glass body 124 at the interface of the glass body 102 and the heat tolerant substantially the coating 120. The heat tolerant coating 120 can be attached to the glass body 102 on the outer surface 106.
[0166] Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 4, in one embodiment, the heat-tolerant coating 120 comprises a bilayer structure. Fig. 4 shows a cross section of a glass container of 100, wherein the heat-tolerant coating comprises a low friction layer 170 and a layer of coupling agent 180. A chemical composition of the polymer can be contained in the low layer friction 170 and a coupling agent may be contained in a coupling agent layer 180. The coupling agent layer 180 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 106 of the wall portion 110. The low friction layer 170 may be in direct contact with the coupling agent layer 180 and can form the outer surface 122 of the heat-tolerant coating 120. In some embodiments, the coupling agent layer 180 is attached to the wall portion 110 and the low friction layer 170 is connected to the coupling agent layer 180 at an interface. However, it should be understood that, in some embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating 120 may not include a coupling agent, and the chemical composition of the polymer may be arranged in a low-friction layer 170 in direct contact with the outer surface. 106 of the wall portion 110. In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer and coupling agent can be substantially mixed in a single layer. In some other embodiments, the low friction layer can be positioned over the coupling agent layer, which means that the low friction layer 170 is an outer layer in relation to the coupling agent layer 180 and the portion of wall 110 of the glass container of 100. As used herein, a first layer positioned "on top" of a second layer means that the first layer can be in direct contact with the second layer or separate from the second layer, such as with a third layer disposed between the first and second layers.
[0167] Referring now to FIG. 5, in one embodiment, the heat-tolerant coating 120 may further comprise an interface layer 190 positioned between the coupling agent layer 180 and the low-friction layer 170. The interface with layer 190 may comprise one or more chemicals compositions of the low friction layer 170 bonded with one or more of the chemical compositions of the coupling agent layer 180. In this embodiment, the interface of the coupling agent layer and the low friction layer forms an interface layer 190, where the link between the chemical composition of the polymer and the coupling agent. However, it should be understood that in some embodiments, there may be no appreciable layer at the interface of the coupling agent 180 and low-friction layer 170, where the polymer layer and coupling agent are chemically bonded to each other as described above with reference to Figo. 4.
[0168] The heat-tolerant coating 120 applied to the glass body 102 can have a thickness of less than about 100 μm or even less than or equal to about 1 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the heat-tolerant coating 120 may be less than or equal to about 100 nm in thickness. In other embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating 120 may be less than about 90 nm thick, less than about 80 nm thick, less than about 70 nm thick, less than about 60 nm thick, less than about 50 nm, or even less than about 25 nm thick. In some embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating 120 may not have a uniform thickness throughout the entire glass body 102. For example, the glass container 100 may have a thicker heat-tolerant coating 120, in some areas , due to the process of contacting the glass body 102 with one or more coating solutions that form the heat-tolerant coating 120. In some embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating 120 may have a non-uniform thickness. For example, the coating thickness can be varied across different regions of a 100 glass container, which can provide protection in a selected region.
[0169] In embodiments that include at least two layers, such as the low friction layer 170, interface layer 190, and / or coupling agent layer 180, each layer may be less than about 100 μm or even less than or equal to about 1 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of each layer can be less than or equal to about 100 nm. In other embodiments, each layer can be less than about 90 nm thick, less than about 80 nm thick, less than about 70 nm thick, less than about 60 nm thick, less than about 50 nm, or even less than about 25 nm in thickness.
[0170] As indicated herein, in some embodiments, the heat tolerant coating 120 comprises a coupling agent. The coupling agent can improve the adhesion or bonding of the chemical composition of the polymer to the glass body 102, and is generally disposed between the glass body 102, and the chemical composition of the polymer or mixed with the chemical composition of the polymer. Adhesion, as used herein, refers to the adhesion force or glue of the heat-tolerant coating, before and after a treatment applied to the glass container, such as a heat treatment. Heat treatments include, without limitation, self-clamping, depyrogenation, lyophilization, or the like.
[0171] In one embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise at least one chemical composition of silane. As used herein, a chemical "silane" composition is any chemical composition that comprises a fraction of silane, including functional organosilanes, as well as silanols formed from silanes in aqueous solutions. The chemical compositions of silane of the coupling agent can be aromatic or aliphatic. In some embodiments, the chemical composition of at least one silane can comprise an amine group, such as a primary amine group or a secondary amine group. In addition, the coupling agent can comprise hydrolysates and / or oligomers of such silanes, such as one or more chemical compositions of silsesquioxane which are formed from one or more chemical silane compositions. The chemical compositions of silsesquioxane can comprise a full cage structure, partial cage structure, or no cage structure.
[0172] The coupling agent can comprise any number of different chemical compositions, such as a chemical composition, two different chemical compositions, or more than two different chemical compositions, including oligomers formed from more than one monomeric chemical composition . In one embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise at least one of (1) a first hydrolyzed silane chemical composition or its oligomer, and (2) a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization of at least the first chemical composition and a silane second chemical composition of silane. In another embodiment, the coupling agent comprises a first and a second silane. As used herein, a "first" chemical composition of silane and a "second" chemical composition of silane are silanes with different chemical compositions. The first chemical composition of silane can be an aromatic group or an aliphatic chemical composition, can optionally comprise an amine group, and can optionally be an alkoxysilane. Likewise, the second chemical composition of silane can be an aromatic group or an aliphatic chemical composition, it can optionally comprise an amine group, and it can optionally be an alkoxysilane.
[0173] For example, in one embodiment, only the chemical composition of a silane is applied as a coupling agent. In such an embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise a chemical composition of silane, hydrolyzate, or its oligomer.
[0174] In another embodiment, several chemical compositions of silane can be applied as a coupling agent. In such an embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise at least one of (1) a mixture of the first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition, and (2) a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0175] With reference to the embodiments described above, the first silane chemical composition, second silane chemical composition, or both, can be aromatic chemical compositions. As used herein, an aromatic chemical composition contains one or more six-carbon rings characteristic of the benzene series and related organic groups. The chemical composition of aromatic silane can be an alkoxysilane, such as, but not limited to, a dialkoxysilane chemical composition, hydrolyzate, or its oligomer, or a chemical composition trialkoxysilane, hydrolyzate, or its oligomer. In some embodiments, the aromatic silane may comprise an amine group, and may be an alkoxysilane comprising an amine moiety. In another embodiment, the aromatic silane chemical composition can be an alkoxysilane aromatic chemical composition, an aromatic acyloxysilane chemical composition, an aromatic halogen silane chemical composition, or an amino silane aromatic chemical composition. In another embodiment, the chemical composition of aromatic silane can be selected from the group consisting of aminophenyl, 3- (m-aminophenoxy) propyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, or alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, amino substituted (chloromethyl) phenyl or silanes. For example, alkoxysilane may be aromatic, but is not limited to, amino phenyltrimethoxy silane (sometimes referred to herein as "APhTMS"), amino phenylmethoxy silane, amino phenyltriethoxy silane, amino phenylthiethoxy silane, 3- (m-aminophenoxy) propyltrimethoxy silane , 3- (m-aminophenoxy) propyldimethoxy silane, 3- (m-aminophenoxy) propyltriethoxy silane, 3- (m-aminophenoxy) propyldiethoxy silane, N-phenylaminopropyl trimethoxysilane, phenylaminopropyl dimethoxysilane N-, N-phenylaminoethylpropane , or oligomerized chemical composition thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical composition of aromatic silane can be aminophenyltrimethoxy silane.
[0176] With reference again to the embodiments described above, the first silane chemical composition, second silane chemical composition, or both, can be aliphatic chemical compositions. As used herein, a chemical composition is non-aromatic aliphatic, such as a chemical composition that has an open chain structure, such as, but not limited to, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. For example, in some embodiments, the coupling agent may comprise a chemical composition that is an alkoxysilane and an alkoxysilane may be aliphatic, such as, but not limited to, a dialcoxysilane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or a compound thereof. oligomer, or a trialkoxysilane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof. In some embodiments, the aliphatic silane may comprise an amine group, and may be an alkoxysilane that comprises an amine group, such as an aminoalkylalkialoxysilane. In one embodiment, an aliphatic silane chemical composition can be selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyl, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl, vinyl, methyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, (N-phenylamino) methyl, N- (2-vinylbenzylaminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl substituted alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, amino or silanes, their hydrolysates, or their oligomers. Aminoalkyltrialoxysilanes, include, but are not limited to, 3-aminopropyl silane (sometimes referred to herein as "gaps"), 3-aminopropyldimethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 3-aminopropylethyl silane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyldimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3 - aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3 - aminopropyldiethoxosilane, its hydrolysates, and their oligomerized chemical composition. In other embodiments, the aliphatic alkoxysilane chemical composition cannot contain an amine group, such as an alkyltrialoxysilane or alkylbialoxysilane. Such alkyltrialoxysilanes or alkyllbialoxysilanes include, but are not limited to, vinyltrimethoxy silane, vinildimethoxy silane, vinyltriethoxy silane, vinyldiethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy, methyldimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyldiethoxylsilanes, their hydrolysed compounds, their hydrolysed compounds, their hydrolysed compounds, their compounds. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical composition of aliphatic silane is 3-aminopropyl silane.
[0177] It has been found that the formation of the coupling agent from combinations of different chemical compositions, in particular combinations of chemical silane compositions, can improve the thermal stability of the heat-tolerant coating 120. For example, it has been found that combinations of aromatic silanes and aliphatic silanes, such as those described above, improve the thermal stability of the heat-tolerant coating, thus producing a coating that retains its mechanical properties, such as the coefficient of friction and adhesion performance following a heat treatment at elevated temperatures. Therefore, in one embodiment the coupling agent comprises a combination of aromatic and aliphatic silanes. In these embodiments, the ratio of silanes to aliphatic aromatic silanes (aliphatic: aromatic) can be from about 1: 3 to about 1: 0.2. If the coupling agent comprises two or more chemical compositions, such as at least one silane and an aromatic aliphatic silane, the weight ratio of the two chemical compositions can be any ratio, such as a weight ratio of a first silane chemical composition second chemical composition of silane (first silane: second silane) from about 0.1: 1 to about 10: 1. For example, in some embodiments of the feed it can be from 0.5: 1 to about 2: 1, such as 2: 1, 1: 1, 0.5: 1. In some embodiments, the coupling agent may comprise combinations of various aliphatic and / or aromatic silanes, several silanes that can be applied to the glass container in one or more steps, with or without organic or inorganic fillers. In some embodiments, the coupling agent comprises oligomers, such as silsesquioxanes, formed from both aliphatic and aromatic acids silanes.
[0178] In an exemplary embodiment, the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition is an aliphatic silane chemical composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the first silane chemical composition is an alkoxysilane aromatic chemical composition that comprises at least one amine group and the second silane chemical composition is an aliphatic alkoxysilane chemical composition that comprises at least one amine group. In another exemplary embodiment, the coupling agent comprises an oligomer of one or more silane chemical compositions, wherein the oligomer is a chemical composition of silsesquioxane and at least one of the chemical compositions of silane comprises at least an aromatic fraction and at least one amino group. In a particular exemplary embodiment, the first chemical composition is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane silane and the second chemical composition is 3-aminopropyl silane silane. The ratio of silane to aromatic aliphatic silane can be about 1: 1. In another particular exemplary embodiment, the coupling agent comprises an oligomer formed from aminophenyltrimethoxy and 3-aminopropyl. In another embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise both a mixture of aminophenyltrimethoxy and 3-aminopropyl oligomers and formed from the two.
[0179] In another embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise a chemical composition which is an aminoalkylsilksquioxane. In one embodiment, the coupling agent comprises amino propyl silsesquioxane (APS) oligomer (commercially available as an aqueous solution of Gelest).
[0180] In one embodiment, the chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition chlorosilane.
[0181] In another embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise chemical composition which are analogues of aminoalkoxysilanes such as hydrolyzate, but not limited to, (3-aminopropyl) silanthriol, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl -silanthriol and / or mixtures thereof.
[0182] In another embodiment, the coupling agent can be an inorganic material, such as metal and / or a ceramic film. Non-limiting examples of suitable inorganic materials used as the coupling agent include titanates, zirconates, tin, titanium, and / or oxides thereof.
[0183] In one embodiment, the bonding agent is applied to the outer surface 106 of the glass body 102, contacting the coupling agent diluted by an immersion process. The coupling agent can be mixed in a solvent when applied to the glass body 102. In another embodiment, the coupling agent can be applied to the glass body 102 by spraying or other suitable means. The glass body 102 with coupling agent can then be dried at about 120 ° C for about 15 min, or at any time and at a temperature sufficient to adequately release water and / or other organic solvents present on the outer surface 106 of the wall portion 110.
[0184] With reference to FIG. 4, in one embodiment, the coupling agent is positioned on the glass container as a layer of coupling agent 180 and is applied as a solution comprising about 0.5 by weight of a first silane and about 0, 5 of a second silane (total silane 1 by weight) mixed with at least one of water and an organic solvent, such as, but not limited to, methanol. However, it should be understood that the total silane concentration in the solution can be more or less than about 1% by weight, such as from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 5.0% by weight, or from about 0.5 to about 2.0% by weight. For example, in one embodiment, the weight ratio of organic solvent to water (organic solvent: water) can be about 90: 10 to about 10:90, and, in one embodiment, it can be about 75:25. The weight ratio of silane to solvent can affect the thickness of the coupling agent layer, where increased percentages of chemical composition of silane in the coupling agent solution can increase the thickness of the coupling agent layer 180. However, it must be It is understood that other variables can affect the thickness of the coupling agent layer 180, such as, but not limited to, the specifics of the dip coating process, such as the speed of withdrawal from the bath. For example, a faster withdrawal speed can form a layer of diluent coupling agent 180.
[0185] In another embodiment, the coupling agent layer 180 can be applied as a solution comprising 0.1 vol.% Of a commercially available amino propyl silsesquioxane oligomer. Coupling agent layer solutions of other concentrations, including but not limited to, vol. 0.0110.0% of amino propiyl silsesquioxanoe oligomer solutions.
[0186] As noted herein, the low-friction layer of the heat-tolerant coating includes a chemical composition of the polymer. The chemical composition of the polymer can be a thermally stable polymer or a mixture of polymers, such as, but not limited to, polyimides, polybenzimidazoles, polysulfones, polyetheretherketones, polyetherimides, polyamides, polyphenyls, polybenzothiazoles, polybenzoxazoles, polystyrenic polycyclics and polymeric polycyclics. with and without organic or inorganic fillers. The chemical composition of the polymer can be formed from other thermally stable polymers, such as polymers that do not degrade at temperatures in the range of 200 ° C to 400 ° C, including 250 ° C, 300 ° C and 350 ° C These polymers can be applied with or without a coupling agent.
[0187] In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer is a chemical composition of polyimide. If the heat-tolerant coating 120 comprises a polyimide, the polyimide composition can be derived from a polyamic acid, which is formed in a solution by the polymerization of monomers. Such a polyamic acid is Novastrat® 800 (commercially available from NeXolve). A curing step imidizes the polyamic acid to form the polyimide. Polyamic acid can be formed from the reaction of a diamine monomer, such as a diamine, and an anhydride monomer, such as a dianhydride. As used herein, polyimide monomers are described as diamine monomers and dianhydride monomers. However, it should be understood that, while a diamine monomer comprises two amine moieties, in the description that follows, any monomer comprising at least two amine groups may be suitable as a diamine monomer. Likewise, it should be understood that, while a dianhydride monomer comprises two portions of anhydride, in the description that follows any monomer comprising at least two anhydride groups may be suitable as a dianhydride monomer. The reaction between the anhydride radicals of the amine monomer and anhydride units of the monomer diamine forms the polyamic acid. Therefore, as used herein, a polyimide chemical composition that is formed from the polymerization of the specified monomers refers to the polyimide that is formed after the imidization of a polyamic acid that is formed from those specified monomers. Generally, the molar ratio of total anhydride monomers and diamine monomers can be about 1: 1. With the polyimide it can be formed from just two different chemical compositions (an anhydride monomer and a diamine monomer), of at least an anhydride monomer can be polymerized and at least one diamine monomer can be polymerized from polyimide. For example, an anhydride monomer can be polymerized with diamine two different monomers. Any number of combinations of specie monomers can be used. In addition, the ratio of an anhydride monomer to a different anhydride monomer, or one or more diamine monomer to a different diamine monomer can be any ratio, such as between about 1: 0.1 to 0.1: 1, such as about 1: 9, 1: 4, 3: 7, 2: 3, 1: 1, 3: 2, 7: 3, 4: 1 or 1: 9.
[0188] The anhydride monomer from which, together with the diamine monomer, the polyimide is formed can comprise any anhydride monomer. In one embodiment, the anhydride monomer comprises a benzophenone structure. In an exemplary embodiment, benzophenone-3,3 ', 4,4' dianhydride-tetracarboxylic can be at least one of the monomers from which the polyimide anhydride is formed. In other embodiments, the diamine monomer may have an anthracene structure, a phenanthrene structure, a pyrene structure, or a pentacene structure, including its substituted versions of the aforementioned dianhydrides.
[0189] The diamine monomer from which, together with the anhydride monomer, the polyimide is formed can comprise any diamine monomer. In one embodiment, the diamine monomer comprises at least one aromatic ring unit. FIGS. 6 and 7 show examples of diamine monomers, which, together with an anhydride monomer or more selected, can form the polyimide that comprises the chemical composition of the polymer. The diamine monomer can have one or more carbon molecules that link two portions of the aromatic ring together, as shown in FIG. 7, wherein R of FIG. 7 corresponds to an alkyl radical comprising one or more carbon atoms. Alternatively, the diamine monomer can have two aromatic ring moieties that are directly linked and not separated from at least one carbon molecule, as shown in FIG. 6. The diamine monomer can have one or more alkyl radicals, as represented by R 'and R "in Figures 6 and 7. For example, in Figures 6 and 7, R' and R" can represent an alkyl radical, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or moieties attached to one or more aromatic ring moieties. For example, the diamine monomer may have two aromatic ring moieties, where each aromatic ring moiety contains an alkyl moiety and adjacent to it is attached an amine group attached to the aromatic ring moiety. It should be understood that R 'and R ", in both Figs. 6 and 7, can be the same chemical radical or they can be different chemical moieties. Alternatively, R' and / or R", in both Figs. 6 and 7, cannot represent atoms at all.
[0190] Two different chemical compositions of diamine monomers can form the polyimide. In one embodiment, a first diamine monomer comprises two aromatic ring moieties that are directly bonded and not separated by a carbon-binding molecule, and a second diamine monomer comprises two aromatic ring moieties that are bonded with the molecule by minus one carbon atom connecting the aromatic ring two portions. In an exemplary embodiment, the first diamine monomer, the second diamine monomer, and the anhydride monomer have a molar ratio (first diamine monomer: second diamine monomer: anhydride monomer) of about 0.465: 0.035: 0.5. However, the ratio of the first diamine monomer and the second diamine monomer can vary in the range of about 0.01: 0.49 to about 0.40: 0.10, while the proportion of anhydride monomer is still of about 0.5.
[0191] In one embodiment, the polyimide composition is formed from the polymerization of at least a first diamine monomer, a second diamine monomer, and an anhydride monomer, wherein the first and second monomers of diamine are different chemical compositions. In one embodiment, the anhydride monomer is a benzophenone, the first diamine monomer comprises two aromatic rings bonded directly together, and the second diamine monomer comprises two aromatic rings bonded together with at least one carbon molecule that binds the first and second aromatic rings. The first diamine monomer, the second diamine monomer, and the anhydride monomer can have a molar ratio (first diamine monomer: second diamine monomer: anhydride monomer) of about 0.465: 0.035: 0.5.
[0192] In an exemplary embodiment, the first diamine monomer is ortho-toluidine, the second diamine monomer is 4,4'-methylene-bis (2-methylaniline), and the anhydride monomer is benzophenone-3, 3 ', 4, 4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The first diamine monomer, the second diamine monomer, and the anhydride monomer can have a molar ratio (first diamine monomer: second diamine monomer: anhydride monomer) of about 0.465: 0.035: 0.5.
[0193] In some embodiments, the polyimide can be formed from the polymerization of one or more of the following: bicycles [2.2.1] heptane-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, cyclopentane-1,2, 3,4-1 tetracarboxylic, 2; 3,4-dianiydrido, tetracarboxylic dianhydridoe [2.2.2] octane-2,3,5,6-, 4arH, 8acH) -decahydro- lt, 4t: 5c, 2t 8c- dimethanonaphthalene-, 3t, 6c, 7c- tetracarboxylic 2,3: 6,7-dianhydride, 2c, 3c, 6c, 7c-tetracarboxylic 2,3: 6,7-dianhydride, 5-endo-carboxymethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2-exo, 3-exo, 5-exo-2,3 tricarboxylic acid: 5,5-dianhydride, 5- (2,5-Dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl) -3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, Bis isomers (aminomethyl) bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, or 4,4'-methylenebis (2-methylcyclohexylamine), pyromelitic dianhydride (PMDA) 3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyl dianhydride (4,4'-BPDA), 3,3 ', 4,4'-benzophenone dianhydride (4,4'-BTDA), 3,3', 4,4'-oxyphthalic anhydride (4,4'-ODPA), 1,4-bis (3, 4-dicarboxyl-phenoxy) benzene dianhydride (4,4'-HQDPA), 1,3-Bis (2,3-dicarboxyl phenoxy) benzene dianhydride (3,3'-HQDPA), 4,4'-bis (3, 4-dicarboxyl phenoxyphenyl) isopropylidene dianhydride (4.4 '- BPADA), 4.4' - (2,2,2-trifluoro-1-pentafluorophenylethylidene) dianidr diphthalic acid (3FDA), 4,4'-oxyaniline (APD), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), m-toluenediamine (TDA), 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene ( 1,4,4-APB), 3,3'- (m-phenylenebis (oxy)) dianiline (APB), 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane (DMMDA), 2,2'-bis (4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl) propane (BAPP), 1,4-cyclohexanediamine 2,2'-bis [4- (4-amino-phenoxy) phenyl] hexafhioroisopropylidene (4-BDAF), 6-amino- 1- (4'-aminophenyl) -1, 3,3- trimethylindane (DAPI), maleic anhydride (MA), Citraconic anhydride (CA), naic anhydride (NA), 4- (Phenylethynyl) - 1,2 acid anhydride -benzenedicarboxylic (PEPA), 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DAB A), 4,4 '(hexafluoroisopropylidene) di-phthalicahydride (6-FDA), pyromelitic dianhydride, benzophenone-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride , 3,3 ', 4,4'- biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4, 4' - (hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphalonic anhydride, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4'-oxyphthalic anhydride, 4,4 ' - (Hexafluoroisopropylidene) a diphtalic nhydride, 4,4 '- (4,4'Isopropylidenedifenoxy) bis (phthalic anhydride), 1, 4,5,8- Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7- Naphthalenetetracarboxylic, as well as the materials described in US Pat. No. 7619042, US Pat. No. 8053492, US Pat. No. 4880895, US Pat. No. 6232428, US Pat. No. 4,595,548, WO Pub. No. 2007/016516, US Pat. Pub. No. 2008/0214777, US Pat. No. 6444783, US Pat. No. 6,277,950, and Pat. No. 4680373. Fig. Figure 8 shows the chemical structure of some suitable monomers that can be used to form a polyimide coating applied to the glass body 102. In another embodiment, the polyamic acid solution from which it is The polyimide formed may comprise poly (pyromelitic dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxydianiline) ammic acid (commercially available from Aldrich).
[0194] In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer can comprise a fluorinated polymer. The fluoropolymer can be a copolymer, in which both monomers are highly fluorinated. Some of the monomers of the fluorinated polymer can be fluoroethylene. In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer comprises an amorphous fluorinated polymer, such as, but not limited to, Teflon AF (commercially available from DuPont). In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) resin particles, such as, but not limited to, Teflon PFA TE-7224 (commercially available from DuPont).
[0195] In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer can comprise a silicone resin. The silicone resin can be a highly branched 3-dimensional polymer that is formed by branched, cage-shaped oligosiloxanes with the general formula R n Si (X) m O y, where R is a non-reactive substituent, usually methyl or phenyl , and X is OH or H. Although not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the curing of the resin occurs through a condensation reaction of Si-OH units with a formation of Si-O-Si bonds. The silicone resin can have at least one of the four possible functional monomeric siloxane units, which include resins, MDT-resins, resins, and Q-resins, where M-resins refer to resins with the general formula R 3 S1O, D-resins refer to resins with the general formula R2SiO2, T-resins refer to resins with the general formula RSiO3, and Q- resins refer to resins with the general formula SiO4 (a fused quartz ). In some modalities resins are made of D and T units (DT resins) or from M and Q units (MQ resins). In other embodiments, other combinations (MDT, MTQ, QDT) are also used.
[0196] In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer comprises phenylmethyl silicone resins due to its higher thermal stability compared to methyl or phenyl silicone resins. The proportion of phenyl methyl units in silicone resins can be varied in the chemical composition of the polymer. In one embodiment, the ratio of phenyl to methyl is about 1.2. In another embodiment, the ratio of phenyl to methyl is about 0.84. In other embodiments, the proportion of phenyl to methyl moieties can be about 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1 , 3, 1.4, or 1.5. In one embodiment, the silicone resin is DC 255 (commercially available from Dow Corning). In another embodiment, the silicone resin is DC806A (commercially available from Dow Corning). In other embodiments, the chemical composition of the polymer may comprise any of the DC series resins (commercially available from Dow Corning), and / or Hardsil AP Series and AR resins (commercially available from Gelest). Silicone resins can be used without a coupling agent or with a coupling agent.
[0197] In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer may comprise silsesquioxane-based polymers, such as, but not limited to t-214 (commercially available from Honeywell), SST-3M01 (commercially available from Gelest), POSS Imiclear (commercially available from Plastics), hybrids and FOX-25 (commercially available from Dow Corning). In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer can comprise a portion of silanol.
[0198] With reference again to Figs. 1 and 4, the heat-tolerant coating 120 can be applied in a multi-stage process, in which the glass body 102 is contacted with the coupling agent solution to form the bonding agent layer 180 (as described above), and dried, and then contacted with a polymer solution of chemical composition, such as a polymer solution or polymer precursor, such as by an immersion process, or, alternatively, the chemical composition layer of polymer 170 can be applied by spray or other suitable means, and dried, and then cured at high temperatures. Alternatively, if a layer of bonding agent 180 is not used, the polymer chemical composition of the low friction layer 170 can be directly applied to the outer surface 106 of the glass body 102. In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer and coupling agent can be mixed into the heat tolerant coating 120, and a solution comprising the chemical composition of the polymer and the coupling agent can be applied to the glass body 102 in a single coating step.
[0199] In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer comprises a polyimide, in which a solution of polyamic acid is applied over the coupling agent layer 180. In other embodiments, a derivative of polyamic acid can be used, such as, for example, a polyamic acid salt, a polyamic acid ester, or the like. In one embodiment, the polyamic acid solution may comprise a mixture of 1% vol. Polyamic acid and 99 vol.% Organic solvent. The organic solvent can comprise a mixture of toluene and at least one of N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvents, or a mixture of the same . In one embodiment the organic solvent solution comprises about 85 vol.% Of at least one of DMAC, DMF, and NMP, and about 15 vol.% Of toluene. However, other suitable organic solvents can be used. The glass container 100 can then be dried at about 150 ° C for about 20 minutes, or at any time and at a temperature sufficient to adequately release the organic solvent present in the heat-tolerant coating 120.
[0200] In the layered embodiment of heat-tolerant coating, after the glass body 102 is contacted with the coupling agent to form the coupling agent layer 180 and a polyamic acid solution to form the low layer friction 170, the glass container 100 can be cured at high temperatures. The 100 glass container can be cured at 300 ° C for about 30 minutes or less, or it can be cured at a temperature above 300 ° C, such as at least 320 ° C, 340 ° C, 360 ° C, 380 ° C or 400 ° C for a shorter time. It is believed, without being limited by theory, that the curing step imidizes the polyamic acid in the low friction layer 170 by reacting portions of carboxylic acid and amide units to create a low friction layer 170 comprising a polyimide. Curing can also promote bonds between the polyamide and the coupling agent. The glass container 100 is then cooled to room temperature.
[0201] Furthermore, without being limited by the limitation, it is believed that the curing of the coupling agent, the chemical composition of the polymer, or both, expels volatile materials, such as water and other organic molecules. As such, these volatile materials that are released during curing are not present when the article, if used as a container, is heat treated (such as by removing pyrogens) or contacted by the material in which it is packaged for, such as as a pharmaceutical product. It is to be understood that curing processes are described here as separate heating treatments than other heating treatments described herein, such as heat treatments similar or identical to processes in the pharmaceutical packaging industry, such as the removal of pyrogens or the heating treatments used to define thermal stability, as described herein.
[0202] In one embodiment, the coupling agent comprises a chemical composition of silane, such as an alkoxysilane, which can improve the adhesion of the chemical composition of the polymer to the glass body. Without being bound by theory, alkoxysilane molecules are believed to rapidly hydrolyze in water to form isolated monomers, cyclic oligomers, and large intramolecular cyclics. In various embodiments, the control over which the species predominates can be determined by the type of silane, concentration, pH, temperature, storage conditions, and the time. For example, at low concentrations in the aqueous solution, amino propyl trialkoxysilane (APS) can be stable and form trisilanol and very low molecular weight cyclic oligomeric monomers.
[0203] It is also believed, without being limited by theory, that the reaction of one or more silane chemical compositions to the glass body can involve several steps. As shown in FIG. 9, in some embodiments, following the hydrolysis of the chemical composition of silane, a portion of reactive silanol can be formed, which can condense with other portions of silanol, for example, those on the surface of a substrate, such as like a glass body. After the first and second hydrolyzable portions are hydrolyzed, a condensation reaction can be initiated. In some embodiments, the tendency towards self-condensation can be controlled by using fresh solutions, alcoholic solvents, dilution, and by carefully selecting the pH ranges. For example, silanetriols are more stable at pH 3-6, but condensing quickly at pH 7-9.3, and partial condensation of silanol monomers can produce silsesquioxanes. As shown in FIG. 9, the silanol moieties formed can form hydrogen bonds with silanol moieties on the substrate, and during drying or curing a covalent bond they can be formed with the substrate with the elimination of water. For example, a moderate curing cycle (110 ° C for 15 min) can leave remaining portions of silanols in the free form and, together with any silane organofunctionality, can bond with the subsequent finish coating, providing better adhesion.
[0204] In some embodiments, the one or more silane chemical compounds of the coupling agent may comprise an amine moiety. Still without being limited by theory, it is believed that this amine moiety can act as a basic catalyst in the hydrolysis and condensation polymerization and increase the adsorption rate of silanes that have an amine group on a glass surface. It can also create a high pH (9.0-10.0) in aqueous solution that conditions the surface of the glass and increases the density of portions of silanol surface. Strong interaction with water and protic solvents maintains the solubility and stability of a silane having a radical amine chemical composition, such as EPA.
[0205] In an exemplary embodiment, the glass body can comprise glass with exchanged ions and the coupling agent can be a silane. In some embodiments, the adhesion of the heat-tolerant coating to a glass body with ion-exchanged ions may be stronger than the adhesion of the heat-tolerant coating to a non-ionically exchanged glass body. It is believed, without being limited by theory, that any of the various aspects of glass with ion-exchanged ions can promote bonding and / or adhesion, when compared to glass that is not ionically exchanged. First, ion exchange glass can have increased chemical / hydrolytic stability which can affect the stability of the coupling agent and / or its adhesion to the glass surface. Glass not ion-exchanged typically, has a lower hydrolytic stability under temperature and humidity and / or elevated conditions, alkali metals could migrate out of the glass body to the interface of the glass surface and the coupling agent layer (if present) , or even migrate into the bonding agent layer, if present. If the alkali metals migrate, as described above, and there is a change in pH, the hydrolysis of Si-O-Si bonds at the interface of the glass / coupling agent layer or in the coupling agent layer itself can weaken both the mechanical properties of the coupling agent or its adhesion to glass. Second, when ion-exchanged glasses are exposed to strong oxidizing baths, such as potassium nitrite baths, at elevated temperatures, such as 400 ° C to 450 ° C, and removed, organic chemical compositions on the glass surface are removed , making it particularly well suited for silane coupling agents, without additional cleaning. For example, a non-deionized glass may have been exposed to additional surface cleaning treatment, adding time and expense to the process.
[0206] In an exemplary embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise at least one silane containing an amine group and the chemical composition of the polymer can comprise a chemical composition of polyimide. Now with reference to FIG. 10, without being limited by theory, it is believed that the interaction between this amine moiety and the polyimide polyamic acid precursor follows a step-by-step process. As shown in FIG. 10, the first step is the formation of a polyamic acid salt between a carboxyl portion of the polyamic acid and the amine group. The second step is the thermal conversion of the salt into an amide portion. The additional conversion step is thirds of the amide moiety to an imide moiety with cleavage of the polymer amide bonds. The result is a covalent imide bond from a shorter chain polymer (polyimide chain) to an amine portion of the coupling agent, as shown in FIG. 10.
[0207] The various properties of glass containers (ie, coefficient of friction, horizontal compressive strength, 4 point flexural strength) can be measured when the glass containers are in a condition in which they are coated (ie , after applying the coating without any additional treatments) or following one or more processing treatments, such as those similar or identical to the treatments carried out on a pharmaceutical product filling line, including, without limitation, washing, lyophilization, depyrogenation, autoclaving, or the like.
[0208] Despirogenation is a process in which pyrogens are removed from a substance. The depyrogenation of glassware, such as pharmaceutical packaging, can be carried out by a heat treatment applied to a sample, in which the sample is heated to an elevated temperature for a period of time. For example, depyrogenation may include heating in a glass container at a temperature of between about 250 ° C and about 380 ° C, for a period of time from about 30 seconds to about 72 hours, including, without limitation, 20 minutes, 30 minutes 40 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. After heat treatment, the glass container is cooled to room temperature. A conventional depyrogenation condition, commonly employed in the pharmaceutical industry, is heat treatment at a temperature of about 250 ° C for about 30 minutes. However, it is considered that the heat treatment time can be reduced if higher temperatures are used. Glass containers, as described herein, can be exposed to elevated temperatures for a period of time. The high temperatures and heating times described herein may or may not be sufficient to de -ogenize a glass container. However, it should be understood that some of the temperatures and heating times described herein are sufficient to de-hydrogenate a glass container, such as the glass containers described herein. For example, as described herein, glass containers can be exposed to temperatures of about 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C, about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C, about 350 ° C, about 360 ° C, about 370 ° C, about 380 ° C , about 390 ° C, or about 400 ° C, over a period of 30 minutes.
[0209] As used herein, freeze drying conditions (ie freeze drying) refers to a process in which a sample is filled with a liquid containing the protein and then frozen at -100 ° C, followed by sublimation of water for 20 hours at -15 ° C under vacuum.
[0210] As used herein, it refers to conditions of steam autoclave purging a sample for 10 minutes at 100 ° C, followed by a 20 minute dwelling period in which the sample is exposed to an environment of 121 ° C, followed by 30 minutes of heat treatment at 121 ° C.
[0211] The coefficient of friction (μ) of the portion of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating may have a lower coefficient of friction than a surface of an uncoated glass container, formed from the same composition of glass. A friction coefficient (μ) is a quantitative measure of the friction between two surfaces and is a function of the mechanical and chemical properties of the first and second surfaces, including surface roughness, as well as environmental conditions, such as, but not limited to , temperature and humidity. As used herein, a measuring friction coefficient for the glass container 100 is classified as the friction coefficient between the outer surface of a first glass container (having an outer diameter between about 16.00 mm and about 17 , 00 mm) and the outer surface of the second glass container, which is identical to the first glass container, where the first and second glass containers have the same glass body and the same coating composition (when applied) and have been exposed to the same environments before manufacture, during manufacture, and after manufacture. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the coefficient of friction refers to the maximum coefficient of friction, measured with a normal load of 30 N, measured in a vial to vial template test, as described herein. However, it should be understood that a glass container that has a maximum friction coefficient at a specific applied load also exhibits the same or better (i.e., lower) maximum friction coefficient with a lower load. For example, if a glass container has a maximum friction coefficient of 0.5 or less, under an applied load of 50 N, the glass container will also have a maximum friction coefficient of 0.5 or less under a load. applied of 25 N.
[0212] In the embodiments described here, the friction coefficient of the glass containers (both with and without coating) is measured with a vial-to-vial template test. Test template 200 is illustrated schematically in FIG. 11. The same device can also be used to measure the frictional force between two glass containers positioned on the template. The ampule 200 bottle test test comprises a first clamp 212 and a second clamp 222 arranged in a cross-sectional configuration. The first clamp 212 comprises a first clamping arm 214, connected to a first base 216. The first clamping arm 214 is assigned to the first glass container 210 and secures the first glass container 210, stationary with respect to the first clamp 212. Similarly, the second clamp 222 comprises a second clamping arm 224 connected to a second base 226. The second clamping arm 224 is assigned to the second glass container 220 and holds stationary with respect to the second clamp 222. The first glass container 210 is positioned on the first clamp 212 and the second glass container 220 is positioned on the second clamp 222, such that the longitudinal axis of the first glass container 210 and the longitudinal axis of the second glass container 220 is positioned at about an angle of 90 ° to each other and in a horizontal plane defined by the xy axis.
[0213] A first glass container 210 is positioned in contact with the second glass container 220, at a point of contact 230. Normal force is applied in a direction orthogonal to the horizontal plane defined by the xy axis. The normal force can be applied by a static weight or another force exerted on the second clamp 222, on top of a first stationary clamp 212. For example, a weight can be placed on the second base 226 and the first base 216 can be placed on a stable surface, thereby inducing a measurable force between the first glass container 210 and the second glass container 220 at the contact point 230. Alternatively, the force can be applied with a mechanical device, such as a machine ( universal mechanical tester) UMT.
[0214] The first clamp 212 or second clamp 222 can be moved relative to each other, in a direction that is at an angle of 45 °, with the longitudinal axis of the first glass container 210 and the second glass container 220. For example , the first clamp 212 can be held stationary and the second clamp 222 can be moved so that the second glass container 220 can move through the first glass container 210 in the direction of the x-axis. The similar configuration is described by R. L. De Rosa et al, in "scraped resistant polyimide coatings for aluminum silicate glass surfaces" in The Journal of Adhesion., 78: 113-127, 2002. To measure the coefficient of friction, the force required to move the second clamp 222 and the normal force applied to the first and second glass containers are measured with 210,220 load cells and the friction coefficient is calculated as the quotient between the frictional force and the normal force . The template is operated in an environment of 25 ° C and 50% relative humidity.
[0215] In embodiments described herein, the portion of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating has a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7 with respect to a glass container as coated, such as as determined with the ampule vial template test described above. In other embodiments, the coefficient of friction can be less than or equal to about 0.6, or even less than or equal to about 0.5. In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat tolerant coating has a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.4 or even less than or equal to about 0.3. Glass containers with coefficients of friction less than or equal to about 0.7, generally exhibit improved resistance to frictional damage and, as a result, have improved mechanical properties. For example, conventional glass containers (without heat tolerant coating) may have a coefficient of friction greater than 0.7.
[0216] In some embodiments described here, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the coating that is heat tolerant is at least 20% less than a friction coefficient of a surface of a glass container without coating, formed from the same composition. For example, the coefficient of friction for the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating may be at least 20% lower, at least 25% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% less, or even at least 50% less than a friction coefficient of a surface of an uncoated glass container formed from the same glass composition.
[0217] In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating may have a friction coefficient of less than or equal to about 0.7, after exposure to a temperature of about 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C, about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C , at about 350 ° C, at about 360 ° C, at about 370 ° C, at 380 ° C, about 390 ° C, or about 400 ° C, over a period of time of 30 minutes. In other embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7, (i.e., less than or equal to about 0 , 6, less than or equal to about 0.5, less than or equal to about 0.4, or even less than or equal to about 0.3) after exposure to a temperature of about 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C, about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C, about 350 ° C, about 360 ° C, about 370 ° C, about 380 ° C, about 390 ° C, or about 400 ° C, over a period of 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 30% after exposure to a temperature of about 260 ° C for 30 minutes. In other embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 30% (i.e., about 25%, about 20%, about 15% , or even about 10%) after exposure to a temperature of about 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C, about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C , about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C, about 350 ° C, about 360 ° C, about 370 ° C, about 380 ° C, about 390 ° C , or about 400 ° C, over a period of 30 minutes. In other embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 0.5 (i.e., about 0.45, about 0.04, about 0.35, about 0.3, about 0.25, about 0.2, about 0.15, about 0.1, or even about 0.5) after exposure to a temperature of about from 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C, about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C, about 350 ° C, about 360 ° C, about 370 ° C, about 380 ° C, about 390 ° C, or about 400 ° C, over a period of time of 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase at all after exposure to a temperature of about 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C , about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C, about 350 ° C, about 360 ° C, about 370 ° C, about 380 ° C, about 390 ° C, or about 400 ° C, over a period of 30 minutes.
[0218] In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating may have a friction coefficient of less than or equal to about 0.7 after being submerged in a water bath at a temperature of about 70 ° C for 10 minutes. In other embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat tolerant coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7, (i.e., less than or equal to about 0 , 6, less than or equal to about 0.5, less than or equal to about 0.4, or even less than or equal to about 0.3) after being submerged in a water bath at a temperature of about 70 ° C for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, or up to 1 hour. In some embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 30% after being submerged in a water bath at a temperature of about 70 ° C for 10 minutes. In other embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 30% (i.e., about 25%, about 20%, about 15% , or even about 10%) after being immersed in a water bath at a temperature of about 70 ° C for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, or even a hour. In some embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase at all after being immersed in a water bath at a temperature of about 70 ° C for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, or even an hour.
[0219] In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating may have a friction coefficient of less than or equal to about 0.7, after exposure to freeze-drying conditions. In other embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat tolerant coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7, (i.e., less than or equal to about 0 , 6, less than or equal to about 0.5, less than or equal to about 0.4, or even less than or equal to about 0.3) after exposure to lyophilization conditions. In some embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 30% after exposure to freeze-drying conditions. In other embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 30% (i.e., about 25%, about 20%, about 15% , or even about 10%) after exposure to freeze-drying conditions. In some embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase at all after exposure to freeze-drying conditions.
[0220] In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating may have a friction coefficient of less than or equal to about 0.7, after exposure to autoclave conditions. In other embodiments, the portion of the glass container with the heat tolerant coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7, (i.e., less than or equal to about 0 , 6, less than or equal to about 0.5, less than or equal to about 0.4, or even less than or equal to about 0.3) after exposure to autoclave conditions. In some embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 30% after exposure to autoclave conditions. In other embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container with the heat-tolerant coating cannot increase by more than about 30% (i.e., about 25%, about 20%, about 15% , or even about 10%) after exposure to autoclave conditions. In some embodiments, the friction coefficient of the part of the glass container coated with the heat tolerant coating cannot increase at all after exposure to autoclave conditions.
[0221] The glass containers described here have a horizontal compressive force. With reference to FIG. 1, the horizontal compressive force, as described herein, is measured by positioning the glass container 100 horizontally between two parallel plates which are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the glass container. A mechanical load is then applied to the glass container 100 with the plates in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the glass container. The loading rate for bottle compression is 0.5 inches / min, which means that the plates move towards each other at a rate of 0.5 inches / min. The horizontal compression force is measured at 25 ° C and 50% relative humidity. A measurement of horizontal compressive strength can be given as a failure probability for a selected normal compression load. As used herein, when the glass reservoir fails to break under horizontal compression in at least 50% of the samples. In some embodiments, a coated glass container can have a resistance to horizontal compression of at least 10%, 20%, or 30% greater than an uncoated bottle.
[0222] Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 11, the horizontal compression force measurement can also be performed in a crushed glass container. Specifically, the operation of the gauge tests 200 can create damage to the outer surface 122 of the coated glass container, such as a scratch or abrasion of the surface that weakens the strength of the coated glass container 100. The glass container is then subjected to a horizontal compression procedure described above, in which the container is placed between two plates with the zero pointing out in parallel with the plates. Zero can be characterized by the normal selected pressure applied by a vial-to-ampoule template and the zero length. Unless otherwise identified, scratches for sanded glass containers for the horizontal compression procedure are characterized by a length of 20 mm from zero created by a normal load of 30 N.
[0223] Coated glass containers can be evaluated for resistance to horizontal compression following a heat treatment. Heat treatment can be exposure to a temperature of about 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C, about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C, about 350 ° C, about 360 ° C, about 370 ° C, about 380 ° C, about 390 ° C , or about 400 ° C, over a period of 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the horizontal compressive strength of the coated glass container is not reduced by more than about 20%, 30%, or even 40% after being exposed to a heat treatment, such as those described above, and then be sanded, as described above. In one embodiment, the horizontal compressive strength of the coated glass container is not reduced by more than about 20% after being exposed to a heat treatment of about 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C, about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C, about 350 ° C, about 360 ° C, about 370 ° C, about 380 ° C, about 390 ° C, or about 400 ° C, for a period of 30 minutes, and then sanded.
[0224] The coated glass containers, described herein, can be thermally stable after heating to a temperature of at least 260 ° C, for a period of time of 30 minutes. The phrase "thermally stable", as used herein, means that the heat-tolerant coating applied to the glass container remains practically intact on the surface of the glass container, after exposure to high temperatures such that, after exposure, the mechanical properties of the coated glass container, specifically the coefficient of friction and the horizontal compression force, are only minimally affected, if at all. This indicates that the heat-tolerant coating remains adhered to the glass surface after exposure to high temperature and continues to protect the glass container from insults from mechanical abrasions, such as impacts, and the like.
[0225] In embodiments described here, a coated glass container is considered to be thermally stable if the coated glass article satisfies both a standard friction coefficient and a horizontal compression force pattern, after heating to the specified temperature and maintaining that temperature for the specified time. To determine whether the standard friction coefficient is satisfied, the friction coefficient of a first coated glass container is determined in the state as received (i.e., before any thermal exposure) using the test mounting device illustrated in fig. 11 and 30 N of applied load. A second coated glass container (i.e., a glass container that has the same composition as the glass and the same coating composition as the first coated glass container) is thermally exposed under the prescribed conditions and cooled to room temperature. Then, the friction coefficient of the second glass container is determined using the test mounting device illustrated in fig. 11, to scrape the coated glass container with an applied load of 30 N, resulting in a worn area (i.e., a "zero"), which is about 20 mm long. If the friction coefficient of the second coated glass container is less than 0.7 and the glass surface of the second glass container in the worn area has no observed damage, then the friction coefficient is satisfied as a standard for the purpose of determining the thermal stability of the heat-tolerant coating. The term "observable damage", as used herein, means that the surface of the glass in the abrasive zone of the glass container contains less than six glass controls per 0.5 cm in length of abrasion when viewed with a Nomarski spectroscopy microscope or differential interference contrast (DIC) at 100X magnification with LED or allogeneic light sources. The standard definition of a checked glass or checked glass is described in GD Quinn, "NIST Recommended practical guide: Ceramic and Glass Fractography", NIST special publication 960-17 (2006).
[0226] In order to determine if the horizontal pattern of the compressive force is satisfied, a first coated glass container undergoes abrasion in the test template illustrated in fig. 11, under a 30 N load to form a 20 mm scratch. The first coated glass container is then subjected to a horizontal compression test, as described herein, and the retention strength of the first coated glass container is determined. A second coated glass container (i.e., a glass container that has the same composition of glass and the same coating composition as the first coated glass container) is thermally exposed under the prescribed conditions and cooled to room temperature. Thereafter, the second coated glass container undergoes abrasion in the test template illustrated in fig. 11, under a load of 30 N. The second coated glass container is then subjected to a horizontal compression test, as described herein, and the retention strength of the second coated glass container is determined. If the retention resistance of the second coated glass container does not decrease by more than about 20% compared to the first coated glass container, then the horizontal compressive strength pattern is met for the purpose of determining the thermal stability of the coating heat tolerant.
[0227] In embodiments described here, coated glass containers are considered thermally stable if the coefficient of friction and the horizontal pattern of compressive strength pattern are brought together after exposing the coated glass containers to a temperature of at least about 260 ° C, over a period of about 30 minutes (i.e., coated glass containers are thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 260 ° C over a period of about 30 minutes). Thermal stability can also be assessed at temperatures from about 260 ° C to about 400 ° C. For example, in some embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if the standards are met, the a temperature of at least about 270 ° C or even about 280 ° C, over a period of about 30 minutes. In still other embodiments, the coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if the standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 290 ° C or even at about 300 ° C, for a period of time about 30 minutes. In other embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable if the standards are satisfied, at a temperature of at least about 310 ° C, or even about 320 ° C, for a period of time of about 30 minutes. In still other embodiments, the coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if the standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 330 ° C, or even about 340 ° C, for a period of time about 30 minutes. In still other embodiments, the coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if the standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 350 ° C, or even about 360 ° C, for a period of time about 30 minutes. In some other embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if the standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 370 ° C, or even about 380 ° C, for a period of time of about 30 minutes. In still other embodiments, the coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if the standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 390 ° C, or even at about 400 ° C, for a period of time of about 30 minutes.
[0228] Coated glass containers. described here. they can also be thermally stable over a temperature range, which means that the coated glass containers are thermally stable, meeting the standard horizontal standard friction coefficient and compression force at each temperature in the range. For example, in the embodiments described here, coated glass containers can be thermally stable from at least about 260 ° C, at a temperature of less than or equal to about 400 ° C. In some forms of embodiment, the coated glass containers can be thermally stable in a range of at least about 260 ° C to about 350 ° C. In some other embodiments, the coated glass containers can be thermally stable from at least about 280 ° C at a temperature of less than or equal to about 350 ° C. In still other embodiments, the coated glass containers can be thermally stable from at least about 290 ° C to about 340 ° C. ° C. In another embodiment, the coated glass container can be thermally stable over a temperature range of about 300 ° C to about 380 ° C. In another embodiment, the coated glass container can be thermally stable. stable at a temperature range of about 320 ° C to about 360 ° C.
[0229] The coated glass containers described here have a four point bending force. To measure the four point flexural strength of a glass container, a glass tube that is the precursor to the coated glass container 100 is used for the measurement. The glass tube has a diameter, which is the same as the glass container, but does not include a glass container base or a glass container mouth (that is, before forming the tube inside a glass container ). The glass tube is then subjected to a four point stress bending test to induce mechanical failure. The test is performed at 50% relative humidity, with outer contact elements spaced by 9 "and inner contact members spaced by 3", at a load rate of 10 mm / min.
[0230] The measurement of the four point bending stress can also be performed on a coated and worn tube. Operation of the test template 200 can create an abrasion resistance on the surface of the tube, such as a surface scratch that weakens the resistance of the tube, as described in the measurement of the horizontal compression force of an abrasion bottle. The glass tube is then subjected to a four point stress bending test to induce mechanical failure. The test is carried out at 25 ° C and 50% relative humidity using external probes spaced by 9 "and the inner contact members spaced by 3", at a load rate of 10 mm / min, while the tube is positioned such that the scratch is put under tension during the test.
[0231] In some embodiments, the four-point bending force of a glass tube with a heat-tolerant coating after abrasion shows, on average, at least 10%, 20%, or up to 50% greater strength mechanical than for an uncoated glass tube worn under the same conditions.
[0232] In some embodiments, after the coated glass container 100 is abrased by an identical glass container with a normal strength 30 N, the friction coefficient of the worn area of the coated glass container 100 does not increase by more than about 20% following another abrasion by a glass container identical to a normal force 30 N in the same place, or does not increase at all. In other embodiments, after the coated glass container 100 is abraded by an identical glass container with a normal strength of 30 N, the friction coefficient of the worn area of the coated glass container 100 does not increase by more than about 15% or even 10% after another abrasion by an identical glass container with a normal force of 30 N in the same place, or it does not increase at all. However, it is not necessary for all embodiments of the coated glass containers 100 to exhibit such properties.
[0233] Mass loss refers to a measurable property of the coated glass container 100 that relates to the amount of volatiles released from the coated glass container 100, when the coated glass container is exposed to an elevated temperature selected for a selected period of time. The loss of mass is generally indicative of the mechanical degradation of the coating due to thermal exposure. Since the glass body of the coated glass container does not show measurable mass loss at the reported temperatures, the mass loss test, as described in detail here, produces mass loss data for the heat-only coating, that is applied to the glass container. Several factors can affect mass loss. For example, the amount of organic material that can be removed from the coating can influence the loss of mass. The collapse of carbon-based structures and side chains in a polymer will result in a theoretical 100% coating removal. Organometallic polymer materials normally lose all of their organic component, but the inorganic component is left behind. Thus, the results of mass loss are normalized based on the amount of the coating being organic and inorganic (for example, silica% of the coating) by complete theoretical oxidation.
[0234] To determine the loss of mass, a coated sample, such as a coated glass bottle, is initially heated to 150 ° C and maintained at this temperature for 30 minutes to dry the coating, effectively expelling H20 from the coating. The sample is then heated from 150 ° C to 350 ° C, at a ramp rate of 10 ° C / min, in an oxidizing environment, such as air. For the purpose of determining mass loss, only data collected from 150 ° C to 350 ° C are considered. In some embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating has a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated, from a temperature of 150 ° C to 350 ° C, at a ramp speed of about 10 ° C / minute. In other embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating has a mass loss of less than about 3% or even less than about 2% when heated from a temperature of 150 ° C to 350 ° C at a ramp speed of about 10 ° C / minute. In some other embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating has a mass loss of less than about 1.5%, when heated from a temperature of 150 ° C to 350 ° C, at a ramp speed of about 10 ° C / minute. In some other embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating loses substantially none of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150 ° C to 350 ° C, at a ramp speed of about 10 ° C / minute.
[0235] Mass loss results are based on a process in which the weight of a coated glass container is compared before and after a heat treatment, such as a 107 minute temperature rise from 150 ° C to 350 ° C, as described herein. The weight difference between the pre-heat treatment and the post-heat treatment of the bottle is the weight loss of the coating, which can be standardized as a percentage of the weight loss of the coating in such a way that the thermal pre-treatment of weight of the coating (weight not including the glass body of the container and after the preliminary heating step) is known by comparing the weight in an uncoated glass container with a pretreated coated glass container. Alternatively, the total mass of the coating can be determined by a test of total organic carbon or other similar means.
[0236] Degassing refers to a measurable property of the coated glass container 100 that relates to the amount of volatiles released from the coated glass container 100, when the coated glass container is exposed to an elevated temperature selected for a selected time period. Degassing measurements are reported here as a quantity by weight of volatiles released per surface area of the glass container, having the coating exposed to elevated temperature over a period of time. Since the glass body of the coated glass container does not exhibit measurable gas release at the temperatures reported for the gas outlet, the gas release test, as described in detail above, produces degassing data substantially only for the coating low friction that is applied to the glass container. Degassing results are based on a process in which a coated glass container 100 is placed in a glass sample chamber 402 of the apparatus 400 shown in FIG. 12. A sample from the empty bottom sample chamber is taken before each run sample. The sample chamber is carried out under a constant 100 ml / min purge of air, as measured by rotometer 406 while oven 404 is heated to 350 ° C and maintained at that temperature for 1 hour to collect the sample from the bottom of the sample. chamber. Thereafter, the coated glass container 100 is positioned in the sample chamber 402 and the sample chamber is carried out under a constant 100 ml / min and purging of heated air at an elevated temperature and maintained at that temperature for a period of time to collect a sample from a glass-lined glass container 100. The sample chamber 402 is made of pyrex, which limits the maximum analysis temperature to 600 ° C. A Carbotrap 300 trap 408 adsorbent is mounted in the exhaust opening of the chamber of the sample to adsorb the volatile species resulting as they are released from the sample and are entrained through the absorbent resin by the air purge gas 410 where the volatile species are absorbed. The absorbent resin is then placed directly into a Gerstel thermal desorption unit directly coupled to a Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II, gas chromatograph / Hewlett Packard 5989 MS engine. Degassing species are thermally desorbed at 350 ° C from the adsorbent resin and cryogenically focused on the head of a non-polar gas chromatographic column (DB-5MS). The temperature inside the gas chromatograph is increased at a rate of 10 ° C / min to a final temperature of 325 ° C, in order to provide for the separation and purification of volatile and semi-volatile organic species. The separation mechanism has been shown to be based on the vaporization sleeves of different organic species resulting in essentially a boiling point or distillation chromatogram. After separation, the purified species are analyzed by electron mass spectrum impact by traditional metric ionization protocols. Operating under standardized conditions, the resulting mass spectrum can be compared with existing mass spectral libraries.
[0237] In some embodiments, the coated glass containers described herein have a gas outlet of less than or equal to about 54.6 ng / cm2, less than or equal to about 27.3 ng / cm2, or even less than or equal to about 5.5 ng / cm 2, during exposure to an elevated temperature of about, 250 ° C, about 275 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 360 ° C, or even about 400 ° C, for periods of time of about 15 minutes, about 30 minutes, approximately 45 minutes or approximately 1 hour. In addition, the coated glass containers can be thermally stable over a specified temperature range, which means that the coated containers have a certain gas outlet, as described above, at each temperature within the specified range. Prior to degassing measurements, coated glass containers may be in a state of being coated (that is, immediately after the application of the heat tolerant coating) or the sequence of either pyrogen removal, lyophilization, or autoclaving. In some embodiments, the coated glass container 100 can exhibit substantially no gas release.
[0238] In some embodiments, degassing data can be used to determine the loss of mass from the heat-tolerant coating. The heat pretreating coating mass can be determined by the coating thickness (determined SEM image or otherwise), the heat-tolerant coating density, and the surface area of the coating. After that, the coated glass container can be subjected to the degassing procedure, and the loss of mass can be determined by finding the ratio between the mass expelled from the gas outlet for the treatment of preheating mass.
[0239] With reference to FIG. 13, the transparency and color of the coated container can be assessed by measuring the light transmission of the container within a wavelength range between 400 to 700 nm using a spectrophotometer. Measurements are carried out in such a way that a beam of light is directed normal to the wall of the container in such a way that the beam passes through the heat-tolerant coating twice, first when entering the container and then when it leaves. In some embodiments, the light transmission through the coated glass container can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass container for wavelengths between about 400 nm at about 700 nm. As described herein, a light transmission can be measured before a heat treatment or after a heat treatment, such as the heat treatments described herein. For example, for each wavelength from about 400 nm to about 700 nm, the light transmission can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass container. In other embodiments, the transmission of light through the coated glass container is greater than or equal to about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or even about 90% of a light transmitted through an uncoated glass container for wavelengths from about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[0240] As described here, a light transmission can be measured before an environmental treatment, such as a heat treatment described here, or after an environmental treatment. For example, following a heat treatment of about 260 ° C, about 270 ° C, about 280 ° C, about 290 ° C, about 300 ° C, about 310 ° C, about 320 ° C, about 330 ° C, about 340 ° C, about 350 ° C, about 360 ° C, about 370 ° C, about 380 ° C, about 390 ° C, or about 400 ° C, over a period of 30 minutes, or after exposure to freeze-drying conditions, or after exposure to autoclave conditions, the transmission of light through the coated glass container is greater than or equal to about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or even about 90% of a light transmission through an uncoated glass container for lengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[0241] In some embodiments, the coated glass container 100 can be perceived as a colorless and transparent to the naked eye when viewed from any angle. In some other embodiments, the heat-tolerant coating 120 may have a noticeable hue, such as when the heat-tolerant coating 120 comprises a polyamide formed from poly (pyromelitic dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxyaniline) acid amionic commercially available from Aldrich.
[0242] In some embodiments, the coated glass container 100 may have a heat tolerant coating 120 that is capable of receiving an adhesive label. That is, the coated glass container 100 can receive an adhesive label on the coated surface so that the adhesive label is firmly attached. However, the ability to attach an adhesive label is not a requirement for all embodiments of the 100% coated glass containers described herein. EXAMPLES
[0243] The embodiments of the glass containers described here will be further clarified by the following examples. EXAMPLE 1
[0244] Six exemplary inventive glass compositions (compositions A to F) were prepared. The specific compositions for each exemplary glass composition are reported below in Table 2. Multiple samples of each exemplary glass composition were produced. A set of samples of each composition was ion-exchanged in a molten salt bath of 100% KNO 3 at a temperature of 450 ° C, for at least 5 hours, to induce a compression layer on the sample surface. The compression layer had a surface compression stress of at least 500 MPa and a layer depth of at least 45 μm.
[0245] The chemical durability of the glass of each exemplary composition was then determined using DIN 12116, ISO 695, and ISO 720 as described above. Specifically, test samples of non-ionic exchange of each exemplary glass composition were subjected to tests according to one of DIN 12116, ISO 695, or ISO 720 to determine acid resistance, base resistance or the hydrolytic resistance to the test sample, respectively. The hydrolytic resistance of the ion exchange of samples of each exemplary composition was determined according to the ISO 720 standard. To determine the hydrolytic resistance of the ion exchange samples, the glass was crushed to the required grain size in the ISO 720 standard, the exchange ion in a molten salt bath of 100% KNO 3 at a temperature of 450 ° C for at least 5 hours to induce a compressive stress in the layer of the individual glass grains, and then tested according to the standard ISO 720. The average results of all tested samples are shown below in Table 2.
[0246] As shown in Table 2, the exemplary glass compositions from A to F, all demonstrated a loss of glass mass less than 5 mg / dm2 and greater than 1 mg / dm2, following the test according to DIN standard 12116 with exemplary glass pattern having the composition E less loss of glass mass of 1.2 mg / dm2. Therefore, each of the exemplary glass compositions has been classified into at least S3 classes of the DIN 12116 standard, with an exemplary E glass composition classified in class S2. Based on these test results, it is believed that the acid resistance of glass samples increases with increasing SiO2 content.
[0247] In addition, exemplary glass compositions from A to F have all demonstrated a loss of glass mass of less than 80 mg / dm2 after standard tests according to ISO 695, with exemplary glass composition A with the least loss of glass mass at 60 mg / dm2. Accordingly, each of the exemplary glass compositions has been classified into at least class A2 of the ISO 695 standard, with exemplary glass compositions A, B, D and F classified in class A1. In general, compositions with a higher silica content showed lower base resistance and compositions with a higher alkaline / alkaline content showed higher base resistance.
[0248] Table 2 also shows that non-ion exchange test samples of exemplary glass compositions from A to F all demonstrated a hydrolytic resistance of at least Type HGA2, following the test according to ISO 720, with standard exemplary glass compositions C to F having a hydrolytic resistance of Type HGA1. The hydrolytic resistance of glass in exemplary compositions C to F is believed to be due to higher amounts of SiO2 and lower values of Na20 in glass compositions compared to exemplary glass compositions A and B.
[0249] In addition, ion exchange test samples of exemplary glass compositions from B to F demonstrated less amounts of Na20 extracted from test samples per gram of glass than those of non-ion exchange with the same exemplary glass compositions following tests according to ISO 720 standard. Table 2: composition and properties of glass specimens

EXAMPLE 2
[0250] Three exemplary compositions of the inventive glass compositions (compositions G to I) and three comparative glass compositions (compositions 1 to 3) were prepared. The proportion of alkaline oxides of alumina (i.e., Y: X) was varied in each of the compositions in order to evaluate the effect of the proportion on various properties of the resulting molten glass and glass. The specific compositions of each of the exemplary glass compositions of the invention and the comparative glass compositions are shown in Table 3. The stress point, annealing point and softening point of the melts formed from each of the glass compositions were determined and are shown in Table 3. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), density, and optical coefficient stress (SOC) of the resulting glasses were also determined and are shown in Table 3. The hydrolytic resistance of samples of glass formed from each of the glass compositions of the invention and each example of comparative glass composition was determined according to the ISO 720 standard, both before ion exchange and after ion exchange in a molten salt bath of 100% KN0 3 at 450 ° C for 5 hours. For those samples that underwent ion exchange, the compression tension was determined with a fundamental tension measuring instrument (FSM), with the compression tension value based on the measured optical stress coefficient (SOC). The FSM instrument covers light in and out of the glass surface. The bi refringent measure is then related to stress through a constant material, the optical stress or photoelastic coefficient (SOC or PEC) and two parameters are obtained: the maximum compressive stress surface (CS) and the layer depth exchanged (DOL) . The diffusivity of the alkaline ions in the glass and the change in voltage per square root of time were also determined. The diffusivity (D) of the glass is calculated from the depth of the measurement layer (DOL) and the ion exchange time (t) according to the relationship: DOL = square root - 1.4 * (4 * D * t ). Diffusivity increases with temperature according to an Arrhenius relationship, and as such, it is reported at a specific temperature. Table 3: Properties of glass as a function of alkali to alumina


[0251] The data in Table 3 indicates that the ratio of alumina to alkaline Y: X influences the melting behavior, the hydrolytic resistance, and the compression stress obtained through the reinforcement of ion exchange. In particular, FIG. 14 graphically depicts a stress point, annealing point and softening point as a function of the Y: X ratio for the glass compositions in Table 3. FIG. 14 demonstrates that, as the Y: X ratio decreases below 0.9, a stress point, annealing point and the softening point of the glass increase rapidly. Therefore, in order to obtain a glass that is easily melt and conformable, the Y: X ratio must be greater than or equal to 0.9, or even greater than or equal to 1.
[0252] In addition, the data in Table 3 indicates that the diffusivity of glass compositions generally decreases with the ratio of Y: X. Therefore, to achieve glasses that can be rapidly ion exchanged, in order to reduce the times of process (and costs), the Y: X ratio must be greater than or equal to 0.9, or even greater than or equal to 1.
[0253] Furthermore, FIG. 15 indicates that, for a given ion exchange time and ion exchange temperature, the maximum compression stresses are obtained when the Y: X ratio is greater than or equal to about 0.9, or even greater than or equal to about 1, and less than or equal to about 2, more specifically greater than or equal to about 1.3 and less than or equal to about 2.0. Therefore, the greatest improvement in the load-bearing strength of the glass can be obtained when the Y: X ratio is greater than about 1 and less than or equal to about 2. In general, it is understood that the stress maximum achievable by ion exchange will deteriorate with increasing ion exchange duration, as indicated by the rate of stress change (ie, the measured compression stress divided by the square root of the ion exchange time). Fig. 15 shows that, in general, the rate of change of voltage decreases as the Y: X ratio decreases.
[0254] FIG. 16 graphically represents the hydrolytic resistance (y-axis) as a function of the Y: X ratio (x-axis). As shown in FIG. 16, the hydrolytic resistance of glasses generally improves as the Y: X ratio decreases.
[0255] Based on the above, it should be understood that glasses with a good fusing behavior, superior ion exchange performance, and superior hydrolytic resistance, can be achieved by maintaining the Y: X ratio in the glass of greater than or equal to about 0.9, or even greater than or equal to about 1, and less than or equal to about 2. EXAMPLE 3
[0256] Three exemplary compositions of the glass compositions invention (JL) and three comparative glass compositions (compositions 4 to 6) were prepared. The concentration of MgO and CaO in the glass compositions was varied to produce both MgO-rich compositions (i.e., JL and 4 compositions) and CaO-rich compositions (i.e., compositions 5 to 6). The relative amounts of MgO and CaO were also varied so that the glass compositions had different values for the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)). The specific compositions of each of the exemplary glass compositions of the invention and the comparative glass compositions are shown below in table 4. The properties of each composition were determined as described above in relation to Example 2. Table 4: Glass properties as function of the CaO content


[0257] FIG. 17 graphically depicts the D diffusivity of the compositions listed in Table 4 as a function of the ratio of (CaO / (CaO + MgO)). Specifically, FIG. 17 indicates that as the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) increases, the diffusivity of alkaline ions in the resulting glass decreases, thus decreasing the performance of the ion exchange glass. This trend is supported by the data in Table 4 and FIG. 18. FIG. 18 graphically represents the tension and stress of the maximum compression rate of change (y-axis) as a function of the proportion of (CaO / (CaO + MgO)). Fig. 18 indicates that as the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) increases, the maximum compression stress obtainable decreases for a given time of regulation of the ion and ion exchange temperature. Fig. 18 also indicates that as the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) increases, the rate of change in stress increases (that is, it becomes more negative and less desirable).
[0258] Thus, based on the data in Table 4 and Figs. 17 and 18, it should be understood that glasses with high diffusion coefficients can be produced by minimizing the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)). It was determined that glasses with suitable diffusivities can be produced when the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) is less than about 0.5. The glass diffusivity values when the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) is less than about 0.5 decreases the ion exchange process times necessary to achieve a given compression effort and layer depth. Alternatively, glasses with higher diffusivity due to the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)) can be used to achieve a higher compression stress and layer depth during a given ion and ion exchange temperature regulation time.
[0259] In addition, the data in Table 4 also indicates that decreasing the ratio (CaO / (CaO + MgO)), increasing the MgO concentration generally improves the glass's resistance to hydrolytic degradation as measured by the ISO 720 standard. EXAMPLE 4
[0260] Three exemplary compositions of the glass compositions of the invention (MO) and three comparative glass compositions (compositions 7 to 9) were prepared. The concentration of B2O3 in the glass compositions was varied from 0 mol% to about 4.6 mol%. such that the resulting glasses had different values for the B203 / (R20 - AL2O3) ratio. The specific compositions of each of the exemplary glass compositions of the invention and the comparative glass compositions are shown below in Table 5. The properties of each glass composition were determined as described above in relation to Examples 2 and 3. Table 5: Glass properties as a function of B2O3 content


[0261] FIG. 19 plots the D diffusivity (y-axis) of the glass compositions in Table 5 as a function of the ratio of B203 / (R20 - Al203) (x-axis) to the glass compositions in Table 5. As shown in FIG. 19, the diffusivity of alkaline ions in the glass generally decreases as the B203 / (R20 - AL2O3) ratio increases.
[0262] FIG. 20 graphically represents the hydrolytic resistance according to ISO 720 (y-axis) as a function of the ratio B203 / (R20 - AL2O3) (x-axis) for the glass compositions in Table 5. As shown in FIG. 20, the hydrolytic resistance of glass compositions generally improves as the B203 / (R20 - AL2O3) ratio increases.
[0263] Based on fig. 19 and 20, it should be understood that minimizing the B203 / (R 2 0 - AL2O3) ratio improves the diffusion of alkaline ions in the glass, thus improving the ion exchange characteristics of the glass. In addition, increasing the B203 / (R20 - AI 2 O 3) ratio also generally improves the glass's resistance to hydrolytic degradation. In addition, it has been found that the resistance of glass to degradation in acidic solutions (as measured by DIN 12116) generally increases with decreasing B2O3 concentration. Thus, it was determined that maintaining the ratio B203 / (R 2 - AL2O3) to less than or equal to about 0.3 provides the glass with better hydrolytic and acid resistance, as well as providing better exchange characteristics ionic. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
[0264] To illustrate the volatility of boron and sodium in a conventional Type 1A borosilicate glass composition, thermochemical calculations were performed on Type 1A glass balanced with a stoichiometric oxygen flame with a ratio of methane to 2. The glass composition Type 1A model includes 83.4. mol% SiO2, 1.5 mol% air AI. 2 O 3, 11.2 mol% of B. 2 O 3; and 3.8 mol% of Na 2 0. The composition of the gas phase in equilibrium with the glass, in a stoichiometric methane flame was calculated from chemical thermodynamics using FactSage software as a function of temperature. Fig. 21 graphically represents the partial pressure (y-axis) of the main species in the gas phase as a function of temperature (x-axis). As shown in FIG. 21, both boron and sodium species have relatively high partial pressures in the temperature range of 1000 ° C to 1600 ° C. This temperature range generally corresponds to the temperatures used to reform glass stock in a glass container. Thus, it is believed that both the boron and sodium species in Type 1A glass would volatilize and evaporate from the heated interior surfaces of the glass as the glass is reformed, thereafter condensation on cooler parts of the interior surface of the glass. This behavior causes heterogeneities in the composition of the glass surface, which can lead to delamination. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
[0265] To illustrate the volatility of boron and sodium in a conventional Type IB borosilicate glass composition, thermochemical calculations were performed on Type IB glass balanced with a stoichiometric oxygen flame with a methane to 2 ratio. This glass composition modeled included 76.2 mol. % Si02, 4.2 mol% AL2O3, 10.5 mol% B203, 8.2 mol% Na20, 0.4 mol% MgO and 0.5 mol% CaO. The composition of the gas phase in equilibrium with the glass, in a stoichiometric methane flame was calculated from chemical thermodynamics using FactSage software as a function of temperature. Fig. 22 graphically represents the partial pressure (y-axis) of the main gas phase species as a function of temperature (x-axis). As in Comparative Example 1, both boron and sodium species in Comparative Example 2 have relatively high partial pressures in the temperature range of 1000 ° C to 1600 ° C. This temperature range generally corresponds to the temperatures used to reform glass stock in a glass container. Thus, it is believed that both the boron and sodium species of Type IB glass would volatilize and evaporate from the heated interior surfaces of the glass as the glass is reformed and then condense on the cooler portions of the glass. This behavior causes heterogeneities in the composition of the glass, which can lead to delamination. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
[0266] To illustrate the volatility of zinc in a glass composition comprising ZnO, thermochemical calculations were performed in a beaker containing ZnO balanced with a stoichiometric oxygen flame with a methane ratio of 2. The glass composition included 74.3 mol . % Si02, 7.4 mol% AL2O3, 5.1 mol% Na20, 5.0 mol% MgO, 5.1 mol% CaO, and 3.1 mol% ZnO. The composition of the gas phase in equilibrium with the glass in a stoichiometric methane flame was calculated from chemical thermodynamics using FactSage software as a function of temperature. Fig. 23 graphically depicts the partial pressure (y-axis) of the main gas phase as a function of temperature (x-axis). The zinc species in Comparative Example 3 have relatively high partial pressures in the temperature range of 1000 ° C to 1600 ° C. This temperature range generally corresponds to the temperatures used to reform glass stock in a glass container. Thus, it is believed that the zinc species in this glass composition that volatilize and evaporate from the heated interior surfaces of the glass as the glass is reformed and then condense on the cooler portions of the glass. The volatilization of zinc from this glass when exposed to a flame was observed experimentally. This behavior causes heterogeneities in the composition of the glass, which can lead to delamination. EXAMPLE 5
[0267] To illustrate the relatively low volatility of an exemplary alkaline aluminum silicate glass composition, thermochemical calculations were performed on this glass balanced with a stoichiometric oxygen flame with a methane to 2 ratio. This glass composition includes 76.8 mol %. SiO2, 6.0 mol%. AL2O3, 11.7 mol% Na20, 0.5 mol% CaO, and 4.8 mol% MgO. The composition of the gas phase in equilibrium with the glass, in a stoichiometric methane flame was calculated from chemical thermodynamics using FactSage software as a function of temperature. Fig. 24 graphically depicts the partial pressure (y-axis) of the main species in the gas phase as a function of temperature (x-axis). As shown in FIG. 24, the partial pressure of sodium, magnesium, calcium and species in the alkaline aluminum silicate glass were relatively low across the temperature range from 1000 ° C to 1600 ° C compared to the boron and sodium species of type 1A ( Comparative Example 1) and Type IB glasses (Comparative Example 2). This indicates that sodium, magnesium, calcium and species were less likely to volatilize at reforming temperatures and, as such, glass containers formed from alkaline aluminum silicate glass were more likely to have a homogeneous surface composition and through the thickness of the glass container. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4
[0268] The composition characteristics of a glass bottle formed from a type of boron silicate glass IB of conventional composition in the formed condition were evaluated. The glass vials were formed from Type IB of boron silicate glass tubing with an outer diameter of approximately 17 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 1.1 mm. Conventional flask-to-flask conversion processes were used to form the glass tube in standard 3 to 4 ml flasks using direct flames and standard conversion equipment. A sample of the bottle was collected from the inner surface of the heel region between the side wall and the floor part of the bottle to a location about 1.5 mm from the floor portion of the bottle. A second sample of the flask was collected from the inner surface of the floor portion of the flask near the center of the floor portion. One third of the sample was collected from the 15 mm sidewall above the pavement portion. Each sample was analyzed by dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (D-SIMS). D-SIMS was performed with a PHI Adepto-1010 instrument with a quadripole mass spectrometer. As glass is an electrically insulating material, the surface tends to accumulate charge during bombardment extended by the beam of energetic ions. As a result, the charging effect must be adequately neutralized by using a secondary ion gun or electron beam in order to prevent the migration of mobile sodium ions through the glass surface matrix. In this study, the instrumental conditions to minimize the migration of sodium were obtained by profiles of fresh fracture surfaces of glass filaments that were prepared from comparative type IB glass in bulk and from glass in alkaline aluminum silicate glass compositions, such as the glass composition described in Example 5 above. Adequate conditions were ensured by obtaining constant (flat) Na profiles from the outer glass surface using positive polarity ions. Relative sensitivity factors of quantization of each glass element (Si, Al, B, Na, K, Ca, Mg) were also obtained from the analysis of the fracture surfaces of the glass rod and to calibrate the mass glass compositions as measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Because the matrix and electronic surface properties of the bottle surfaces are not identical for fracturing surfaces, the expected relative error is about 10%. The depth scales were based on electric discharge rates calculated from the depths of the analytical craters on the glass, measured by the prophylimetric style with traceable calibration NIST. The sigma accuracy of a depth calibration was within 1 to 10% (that is, 0.01 to 0.1 x [depth]). Fig. 25A shows the boron concentration of the sample from the floor, the heel regions, and the side wall (Y-axis) as a function of depth (x-axis) from the surface while FIG. 25B shows the sodium concentration in the sample from the floor, the heel regions, and the side wall (Y axis) as a function of depth (x axis) from the surface. The composition of the sample in the heel region indicates that a layer rich in boron and rich in sodium was present on the inner surface of the heel region to a depth of 100 nm. However, the boron and sodium concentration of both was significantly lower at depths greater than 100 nm, indicating that the additional boron and sodium was enriched in the heel portion of the vial during formation. FIGS. 25 A and 25B show that the concentration of boron and sodium in the floor part of the flask increased with depth, which indicates that boron and sodium were volatilized from the floor portion during formation. Therefore, Figs. 25A and 25B indicate that the boron silicate glass flask had heterogeneous compositions across the thickness of the glass flask, as well as over the surface region of the glass flask. EXAMPLE 6
[0269] The composition characteristics of a glass vial formed from boron-free alkaline aluminum silicate glass composition in the formed condition were evaluated. The glass vials were formed from boron-free alkaline aluminum silicate glass tubing (ie, a glass tube having the same composition as the glass in Example 5) with an outer diameter of approximately 17 mm and a thickness of approximately 1.1 mm wall. Conventional flask-to-flask conversion processes were used to form the standard glass tube of 3 to 4 ml flasks using direct flames and standard conversion equipment. Samples of the flask were collected from the inner surface of the floor, heel (between the side wall and the floor parts of the flask at a location about 1.5 mm from the floor portion), and the side wall regions. Each sample was analyzed by dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy, as described above. Fig. 26 shows the sodium concentration in the sample from the floor, the heel regions, and the side wall (y-axis) as a function of depth (x-axis) from the surface. Fig. 26 indicates that the composition of the samples from the floor, heel, and side wall regions is uniform and homogeneous from the inside surface of the flask to a depth of at least 500 nm, and generally extends to a depth of at least 2 μm. Accordingly, FIG. 26 indicates that the composition of the free flask formed from aluminum boron alkaline glass silicate was substantially homogeneous across the thickness of the glass flask, as well as over the surface region of the glass flask. It is believed that this compositional homogeneity is directly related to the reduced delamination observed in glass bottles of aluminum boron-free alkaline silicate. EXAMPLE 7
[0270] A glass bottle was formed from a glass composition of aluminum alkaline silicate which included 76.8 mol%. Of SiO2, 6.0 mol% AL2O3, 11.6 mol% of Na20, 0.1 mol% of K20, 0.5 mol% of CaO, 4.8 mol% of MgO and 0.2 mol%. From Sn0 2. The glass vials were formed from glass tubes with an external diameter of approximately 17 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 1.1 mm. Conventional flask-to-flask conversion processes were used to form the glass tube in standard 3 to 4 ml flasks using direct flames and standard conversion equipment. The surface concentration of the constituent components in the glass composition was measured at discrete points within the region of the surface that extends to a depth of 10 nm from the interior surface of the glass composition as a function of the distance from the heel of the bottle through of electron photons from x-ray spectroscopy. The surface concentration of these elements in the glass composition that has a concentration of less than 2 mol% has not been analyzed. In order to accurately quantify the surface concentration of the glass composition using X-ray electronic photon spectroscopy (XPS), relative sensitivity factors were employed that were derived from standard reference materials. The analysis volume for the measurement is the product of the analysis area (point size or size opening) and the depth of the information. Electron photons are generated within the depth of x-ray penetration (typically many microns), but only those that have electron photons of sufficient kinetic energy to escape the surface (about three times the escape depth of electron photons) are detected. Escape depths are in the range of 15 to 35 A, which leads to a depth of about 50 to 100 A. Analysis. Typically, 95% of the signal originates from this depth. An electron energy analyzer and detector were used to collect the electron photons emitted from the surface of the glass and measure its kinetic energies. The specific kinetic energy of each emitting electron photon is a unique signature of the electronic element and core level from which it originated. The number of electron photons emitted are counted (signal strength) and plotted as a function of kinetic energy to create a photo electronic spectrum. Spectrum peaks are unique to the core's electronic levels of individual elements. The area under each peak is integrated and then divided by the appropriate relative sensitivity factor (derived from standard reference materials) in order to quantify the atomic fraction of each constituent on the glass surface. When analyzing the data by XPS, there are several lines associated with each element. For elements with low mass concentration, the line with the highest signal-to-noise ratio should be used. For example, the Mg KLL line through the (2p) Mg line should be used, although the latter is more conventionally used, since it can be easily included with other elements. The samples were measured with a carbon content of less than 5% atomic. The sample surfaces can be made by UV / ozone, alcohols or other non-aqueous measures. The elemental composition (in atomic%) determined from XPS was ratio vs. This atomic ratio was then plotted as a function of the distance from the heel in mm, as shown in FIG. 27. As shown in FIG. 27, the composition of the glass container in the superficial region varied less than 25% of the average. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5
[0271] A glass bottle was formed from Type IB boron silicate glass tubing with an outer diameter of approximately 17 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 1.1 mm. Conventional flask-to-flask conversion processes were used to form the standard glass tube in 3 to 4 ml flasks using direct flames and standard conversion equipment. The surface concentration of the constituent components in the glass composition was measured at discrete points within the region of the surface that extends to a depth of 10 nm from the inner surface of the glass composition as a function of the distance from the heel of the bottle by XPS, as described above. The surface concentration of these elements in the glass composition that has a concentration of less than 2 mol% has not been analyzed. The elemental composition (in atomic%) determined from XPS was ratio vs. This atomic ratio was then plotted as a function of the distance from the heel in mm, as shown in FIG. 28. As shown in FIG. 28, the composition of the glass container in the surface region varied by more than 30% for boron and sodium species. EXAMPLE 8
[0272] To illustrate the boron threshold volatility in an alkaline aluminum silicate glass composition, thermochemical calculations were performed on this glass balanced with a stoichiometric oxygen flame with a methane ratio of 2, at a temperature of 1500 ° C. patterned glass composition included 76.8 mol%. SiO2, 6.0 mol% AL2O3, 11.7 mol% Na20, 0.5 mol% CaO, and 4.8 mol% MgO. The composition of the gas phase in equilibrium with the glass in a stoichiometric methane flame was calculated from chemical thermodynamics using FactSage software as a function of added B203. The amount of B203 added to the top of the composition ranged from about 0.001 mol% to about 10 mol%. In this example, the composition of the balanced gas phase was expressed in fractions of element. Instead of specific real species (for example HB02, NaB0 2, etc.), the gas phase is seen to be composed of elements (for example, H, B, Na, S, etc.). All species in the gas phase are broken down into their constituent elements (for example, 1 mol HB02 becomes 1 mol H + B + 1 mol to 2 mol O) and then the concentrations are expressed on an elementary basis. As an example, consider the glass of Comparative Example 1, with a stoichiometric flame (shown in FIG. 21). The number of moles of Na in the gas is balanced: nNa nNaB0 = 2 + nNa nNaOH + + + nNaO Nnah 2nNa + 2 and the elementary fraction of Na is: nNa / (nNa + nB + nSi + nAl + nO + nH + nC ), where n indicates the number of moles. The fraction of elemental boron in the balanced gas of the present example was calculated in the same way.
[0273] FIG. 29 graphically represents the fraction of elemental boron in the gas phase as a function of B203 added on top of the glass composition. Fig. 29 also illustrates the elemental Na fraction for this particular glass composition, as well as the elemental boron fraction for a conventional Type IB boron silicate glass. Without the addition of B203, sodium is the most volatile component in the glass composition. However, as B203 is added to the composition, boron quickly becomes the most volatile component in the glass, exceeding that of sodium at a concentration of about 0.01 mol%. Using these modeling data, it has been determined that some concentrations of B203 can be introduced into a glass composition without significantly increasing the propensity for delamination. As noted above, the threshold for additions of B203 in the embodiments described here is less than or equal to 1.0 mol%. EXAMPLE 9
[0274] Vials with a tendency to delamination have been compared with vials that are not prone to delamination by forming a boron silicate glass composition (Composition A) and the aluminum silicate glass composition (Composition B) in tubes, converting the tubes into vials and subjecting the vials to accelerated test delamination. One composition included 75.9 mol%. SiO2, 4.1 mol% AL2O3, 10.5 mol% of B203, 6.6 mol% of Na20, 1.6 mol% of K20, 0.5 mol% of MgO, 0.6 mol% of CaO, and 0.1 mol% of Cl. Composition B comprised 76.8 mol%. SiO2, 6.0 mol% AL2O3, 11.6 mol% Na20, 0.1 mol% K20, 4.8 mol% MgO, 0.5 mol% CaO, and 0.2 mol% Sn02. The melted compositions were formed in tubes directly from the melting and later converted into bottles of approximately 3 mL of industry standard size using conversion equipment, such as an AMBEG machine. The glass tube had an external diameter of approximately 17 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 1.1 mm. The conversion of the tubes was carried out using the conditions of overheating, while still maintaining the ability to form a quality bottle. The vials were then subjected to the accelerated delamination test described here. Thirty vials of each type of debris were washed in a sink, de-hydrogenated at 320 ° C for 1 hour, and filled with 20 mM Glycine solution brought to pH = 10 with NaOH. The bottles were capped. The vials were autoclaved for 2 hours at 121 ° C and then placed in a convection oven at 50 ° C for 10 days. Flakes were counted in the manner described above. The results of this test are shown in Table 6 below. Table 6: Results of the delamination test of vials formed from Composition A and Composition B

[0275] The results show that composition B does not slide under the test conditions, while Composition A delamination. In addition, in composition B, the detected particles (indicated by * in Table 6) were just over 50 μm in length. It could not be clarified by optical microscopy, if these detected particles were flakes or particles. Therefore, the particles were counted as flakes. Similar arguments could be made for one or two particles of composition A. However, the large number of flakes consistently observed from the bottles formed from Composition A indicates that the flakes originate mainly from delamination and are not particles not regular. Examples of the flakes observed for each composition are shown in FIG. 30A (Composition A) and 30B (Composition B). In FIG. 30A there are flakes with shiny surfaces and black scales that have rough surfaces, both of which are displayed on a stained gray background. The shiny surfaces of the flakes are believed to be indicative of the inner surface of the flask while the rough surfaces of the black flakes are more likely on the underside of the shiny flakes. In FIG. 30B, the image is essentially of the surface of the filter medium used due to the lack of flakes from the surface of the flasks formed from Composition B. EXAMPLE 10
[0276] Exchanged ions (IOX) from vials prone to delamination were compared with ion exchange vials that are not prone to delamination by forming a boron silicate glass composition (Composition A) and the aluminum silicate glass composition (Composition B) in tubes, converting the tubes into vials, ion exchange vials, and submitting the vials for accelerated delamination tests. One composition included 75.9 mol%. SiO2, 4.1 mol% AL2O3, 10.5 mol% of B203, 6.6 mol% of Na20, 1.6 mol% of K20, 0.5 mol% of MgO, 0.6 mol% of CaO, and 0.1 mol% CI before ion exchange. Composition B comprised 76.8 mol%. SiO2, 6.0 mol% AL2O3, 11.6 mol% Na20, 0.1 mol% K20, 4.8 mol% MgO, 0.5 mol% CaO, and 0.2 mol% Sn02 before ion exchange. The melted compositions were formed into tubes directly from the melt and later converted into bottles of approximately 3 mL industry standard size using conversion equipment, such as an AMBEG machine. The glass tube had an external diameter of approximately 17 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 1.1 mm. The conversion of the tubes was carried out using the conditions of overheating, while still maintaining the ability to form a quality bottle. The flasks formed from Composition A and Composition B were ion exchange in a KN0 100% 3 bath salt of 310 hours at a temperature of 400 to 500 ° C. The flasks were then subjected to the accelerated delamination test described here. Thirty vials of each type of debris were washed in a sink, de-hydrogenated at 320 ° C for 1 hour, and filled with 20 mM Glycine solution brought to pH = 10 with NaOH. The bottles were capped. The flasks were self-flushed for 2 hours at 121 ° C and then placed in a convection oven at 50 ° C for 10 days. Flakes were counted in a manner previously described. The test results are shown in Table 7 below. Table 7: Results of ion exchange delamination test of vials formed from Composition A and Composition B

[0277] The results show that the ion exchange of vials formed from Composition B does not slide under the test conditions, while the ion exchange of vials formed from Composition A has been delaminated. In addition, for flasks formed by ion exchange from Composition B, the detected particles (indicated by * in Table 7) were just over 50 μm in length. It could not be clarified by optical microscopy whether these detected particles were flakes or particles. Consequently, these particles were counted as flakes. Similar arguments could be made for one or two particles from the exchanged ion flasks formed from Composition A. However, the large number of flakes consistently observed from the ion exchange of flasks formed from Composition A indicates that the flakes originate mainly from delamination and are not particles. Examples of the flakes observed for each composition are shown in FIG. 31A (Composition A) and 3IB (Composition B). In FIG. 31A there are flakes with shiny surfaces which are smooth, black flakes, which have rough surfaces, both of which are displayed on a stained gray background. The shiny surfaces of the flakes are believed to be indicative of the inner surface of the flask, while the rough surfaces of the black flakes are more likely on the underside of the shiny flakes. In FIG. 3IB, the image is essentially of the surface of the filter medium, used due to the lack of flakes expelled from the surface of the ion exchange of vials formed from Composition B. EXAMPLE 11
[0278] A glass formed from an alkaline silicate aluminum glass composition described here has been formed and ion exchange. The glass had a composition that included 76.8 mol%. SiO2, 6.0 mol% AL2O3, 11.6 mol% Na20, 0.1 mol% K20, 0.5 mol% CaO, 4.8 mol% MgO, and 0.2 mol%. Sn02. The glass was ion exchanged in a KN03 100% salt bath at 450 ° C for 5 hours. The concentration of potassium ions (mol%) was measured as a function of the depth from the glass surface. The results are shown graphically in FIG. 32, with the concentration of potassium ions on the y-axis and the depth in microns on the x-axis. The compression stress generated on the glass surface is generally proportional to the concentration of potassium ions on the surface.
[0279] For comparison purposes, a conventional IB type of glass has been formed and ion exchange. The glass composition is 74.6 mol%. SiO2, 5.56 mol% AL2O3, 6.93 mol% Na20, 10.9 mol% B203, and 1.47 mol% CaO. Type IB glass was ionically exchanged under conditions similar to the aluminum alkaline silicate glass described above. Specifically, Type IB glass was ion exchange in a 100% KN0 3 salt bath at 475 ° C for 6 hours. The concentration of potassium ions (mol%) was measured as a function of the depth from the glass surface. The results are shown graphically in FIG. 32, with the concentration of potassium ions on the y-axis and the depth in microns on the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 32, the inventive alkaline silicate aluminum glass composition had a higher concentration of potassium ions on the glass surface than Type IB glass generally indicates that the inventive alkaline silicate aluminum glass would have a higher compressive stress when processed under conditions similar. Fig. 32 also indicates that the inventive alkaline aluminum silicate glass composition also produces greater compression efforts to great depths compared to the type of IB glass processed under similar conditions. Therefore, it is expected that the glass containers produced with the inventive alkaline silicate aluminum glass compositions described herein would have improved mechanical properties and resistance to damage compared to Type IB glasses processed under the same conditions. EXAMPLE 12
[0280] Glass tubes were formed from a glass composition of aluminum alkaline silicate described herein. The glass tube of the invention has a composition that included 76.8 mol%. SiO2, 6.0 mol% AL2O3, 11.6 mol% Na20, 0.1 mol% K20, 0.5 mol% CaO, 4.8 mol. % MgO and 0.2 mol%. Sn02. Some samples of glass tubes were ion-exchange in a 100% KN0 3 salt bath at 450 ° C for 8 hours. Other samples of the glass tube were maintained in condition as received (no ion exchange). For comparison, a glass tube was also formed from a Type IB glass composition. The glass tube had a comparative composition that included 74.6 mol%. SiO2, 5.56 mol% AL2O3, 6.93 mol% of Na 2 0, 10.9 mol% of B203, and 1.47 mol% of CaO. Some samples of the comparative glass tubes were ion exchange in a 100% KN0 3 salt bath at 450 ° C for 8 hours. Other samples of the glass tube were maintained in condition as received (no ion exchange).
[0281] All samples were tested in a four-point bending test to determine the flexural strength of the individual tube. The 4-point curvature template had a load extension of 3 inches and a support extension of 9 inches, as shown in FIG. 33. FIG. 33 also includes a Weibull of the probability of failure (y-axis) as a function of the rupture stress (x-axis). As shown in FIG. 33, the inventive alkaline aluminum silicate glass tube had slightly better flexural strength in the condition as received compared to the type IB glass tube as received. However, after the ion exchange reinforcement, the aluminum alkaline silicate glass tube of the invention had significantly greater resistance to bending than the type IB glass tube which indicates that the glass containers formed from the glass tube of the invention would have improved mechanical properties over glass containers formed from Type IB glass tubing. EXAMPLE 13
[0282] With reference now to FIG. 34, the effect of the high temperature coating on the resistance to bottle retention was measured in a horizontal compression test. Specifically, uncoated Type IB flasks of boron silicate having a composition of 74.6 mol%. SiO2, 5.56 mol% AL2O3, 6.93 mol% Na 2 0, 10.9 mol% B203, and 1.47 mol% CaO and coated flasks formed from an inventive glass composition comprising 76, 8 mol%. SiO2, 6.0 mol% AL2O3, 11.6 mol% Na20, 0.1 mol% K20, 0.5 mol% CaO, 4.8 mol% MgO and 0.2 mol%. Sn0 2 were tested in scratched and risk-free conditions. Zero damage was introduced to the vials through a vial-to-vial frictive test under an applied load of 30 N. As shown in FIG. 34, coated vials have greater retained strength following frictional damage than uncoated vials formed from the type IB boron silicate glass composition. EXAMPLE 14
[0283] Glass flasks were formed from Type IB glass and the glass composition identified as "Example E" in Table 2 (hereinafter "the Reference glass composition"). The flasks were washed with deionized water, blown dry with nitrogen, and coated by immersion with a solution of 0.1% APS (amino propyl silsesquioxane). The TPA coating was dried at 100 ° C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The flasks were then dipped in a 0.1% solution of Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid in a 15/85 solution of toluene / DMF or in a 0.1% poly to 1% solution of ammic acid (pyromelitic dianhydride-co-4.4) '-oxidianiline) (Kapton precursor) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The coated vials were heated to 150 ° C and held for 20 minutes to evaporate the solvents. Thereafter, the coatings were cured by placing the coated jars in a preheated oven at 300 ° C for 30 minutes. After curing, the vials coated with the 0.1% solution of Novastrat® 800 had no visible color. However, the vials coated with the poly (pyromelitic 4,4'oxydianiline-co) solution were visibly yellow. Both coatings exhibited a low coefficient of friction in vial-to-vial contact tests. EXAMPLE 15
[0284] Glass flasks formed from Type IB glass flasks (as received / uncoated) and flasks coated with a heat tolerant coating were compared to assess the loss of mechanical resistance due to abrasion. The coated vials were produced by ion exchange glass vials first reinforcement produced from the reference glass composition. The reinforcement of ion exchange was carried out in 100% KNO 3 bath at 450 ° C for 8 hours. After that, the flasks were washed with deionized water, blown dry with nitrogen, and coated by immersion with a solution of 0.1% APS (amino propyl silsesquioxane). The TPA coating was dried at 100 ° C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The vials were then dipped in a 0.1% solution of Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid in a 15/85 toluene / DMF solution. The coated vials were heated to 150 ° C and maintained for 20 minutes to evaporate the solvents. Thereafter, the coatings were cured by placing the coated jars in a preheated oven at 300 ° C for 30 minutes. The coated vials were then immersed in 70 ° C deionized water for 1 hour and heated in air at 320 ° C for 2 hours to simulate the actual processing conditions.
[0285] Flasks formed from Type IB glass and scorched flasks formed from ion exchange and reinforced coated with reference glass composition was tested in a horizontal compression test (ie a plate was placed on top of the flask and a plate was placed under the bottom of the flask and the plates were pressed together and the load applied at the time of failure was determined with a load cell). Fig. 35 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for flasks formed from a glass composition, Reference flasks formed from a reference glass composition in a coated condition and abrasion, formed from bottles, type IB glass and bottles formed from type IB glass in a worn condition. The rupture loads of the non-abrasive vials are graphically in the plots. Glass sample bottles formed from Type IB glass and scorched bottles formed from ion exchange and coated glass reinforcement were then placed in the bottle-by-bottle template of FIG. 11 to scrape the vials and determine the coefficient of friction between the vials that have been rubbed over a contact area with a diameter of 0.3 mm. The load on the vials during the test was applied with a UMT machine and varied between 24 N and 44 N. The applied loads and the corresponding maximum friction coefficient are reported in the Table contained in FIG. 36. For uncoated vials, the maximum friction coefficient ranged from 0.54-0.71 (shown in FIG. 36 samples as vials "3 and 4" and "7 and 8", respectively) and at the same time for coated vials the maximum friction coefficient ranged from 0.19 to 0.41 (shown in FIG. 36 samples as vials "15 and 16" and "12 and 14", respectively). After that, the vials were scratched and tested in the horizontal compression test to assess the loss of mechanical strength in relation to the scorched vials. The rupture loads applied to the scorched flasks are plotted on the Weibull FIG plots. 35.
[0286] As shown in FIG. 35, uncoated vials had a significant decrease in abrasion resistance while after coated vials they had a relatively small decrease in strength after abrasion. Based on these results, it is believed that the coefficient of friction between the test tubes should be less than 0.7 or 0.5, or even less than 0.45, in order to minimize the loss of resistance to bottle abrasion following -in-tube. EXAMPLE 16
[0287] In this example, several sets of glass tubes were tested at four bend points to assess their respective strengths. A first set of tubes formed from the Reference Glass Composition was tested at four points of flexion in the condition as received (uncoated uncoated ion exchange). A second set of tubes formed from the Reference Glass Composition was tested at four points of flexion after being reinforced by ion exchange in a 100% KN0 3 bath at 450 ° C for 8 hours. A third set of tubes formed from the Reference Glass Composition was tested at four points of flexion after being reinforced by ion exchange in a 100% KN0 3 bath at 450 ° C for 8 hours and coated with 0.1% of APS / 0.1% Novastrat® 800 as described in Example 15. The coated tubes were also soaked in 70 ° C in deionized water for 1 hour and heated in air at 320 ° C for 2 hours to simulate the processing conditions real. These coated tubes were also sanded in the bottle template shown in FIG. 11 under a load of 30 N before doubling the tests. A fourth set of tubes formed from the Reference Glass Composition was tested at four points of flexion after being reinforced by ion exchange in 100% KNO 3 bath at 450 ° C for 1 hour. These uncoated, ion exchange tubes were also reinforced tubes worn in the vial in the template as shown in FIG. 11 under a load of 30 N before doubling the tests. A fifth set of tubes formed from Type IB glass was tested at four flexion points as received condition (uncoated, reinforced non-ionic exchange). A sixth set of tubes formed from Type IB glass was tested at four flexion points after being reinforced with ion exchange in 100% KNO 3 bath at 450 ° C for 1 hour. The test results are plotted on the Weibull plots shown in FIG. 37.
[0288] With reference to FIG. 37, the second set of tubes that were non-abrasive and formed from the reinforced Reference glass and ion exchange composition resisted the greatest stress before breaking. The third set of tubes, which were coated with APS 0.1% / 0.1% Novastrat® 800 before abrasion showed a slight reduction in strength compared to their uncoated, non-abrasive equivalents (ie the second set tubes). However, the reduction in strength was relatively minor despite being subjected to abrasion wear after coating. EXAMPLE 17
[0289] Two sets of vials were prepared and run through a pharmaceutical filling line. A pressure sensitive tape (commercially available from Fujifilm) was inserted between the flasks to measure the contact / impact forces between the flasks and between the test tubes and the equipment. The first set of bottles was formed from the Reference Glass Composition and was not coated. The second set of bottles was formed from the Reference Glass Composition and was coated with a low-friction polyimide coating that has a coefficient of friction of about 0.25, as described above. Pressure sensitive tapes were analyzed after the vials were run through the pharmaceutical filling line and demonstrated that the coated vials of the second set exhibited a 2-3 fold reduction in tension compared to the uncoated vials of the first set . EXAMPLE 18
[0290] Three sets of four bottles, each were prepared. All vials were formed from the reference glass composition. The first set of bottles was coated with the 800 APS / Novastrat® coating as described in Example 15. The second set of bottles was coated by immersion with 0.1% DC806A in toluene. The solvent was evaporated at 50 ° C and the coating was cured at 300 ° C for 30 min. Each set of flasks was placed in a tube and heated to 320 ° C for 2.5 hours, under an air purge to remove traces of contaminants adsorbed on the flasks in the laboratory environment. Each set of samples was then heated in the tube for an additional 30 minutes and the degassed volatiles were captured on an activated carbon adsorbent collector. The trap was heated to 350 ° C for 30 minutes to desorb any captured material that was fed to a gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Fig. 38 represents output data from the gas chromatograph 800 mass spectrometer for the APS / Novastrat® coating. Fig. 39 represents output data from the gas mass chromatography spectrometer for the DC806A coating. No gas was detected from the APS 0.1% / 0.1% Novastrat® 800 coating or the DC806A coating.
[0291] A set of four vials was coated with a layer, using 0.5% / 0.5% GAPS / APhTMS solution in a methanol / water mixture. Each flask had a coated surface area of about 18.3 cm. The solvent was allowed to evaporate at 120 ° C for 15 minutes, the vials coated. Then, a 0.5% Novastrat® 800 in dimethylacetamide solutions was applied to the samples. The solvent was evaporated at 150 ° C for 20 min. These uncured vials were subjected to a degassing test described above. The flasks were heated to 320 ° C in an air stream (100 mL / min) and after reaching 320 ° C, the volatiles were captured in a degassed activated carbon adsorbent from traps every 15 minutes. The traps were then heated to 350 ° C for 30 minutes to desorb any captured material that was fed to a gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Table 8 shows the amount of materials captured over the time segments that the samples were kept at 320 ° C. Zero time corresponds to the time that the sample first reached a temperature of 320 ° C. As can be seen in Table 8, after 30 min of heating the amount of volatiles decreases below the detection limit of the instrument 100 ng. Table 8 also reports the volatiles lost per square centimeter of coated surface. Table 8: volatiles by flask and by area

EXAMPLE 19
[0292] A plurality of test tubes have been prepared with various coatings based on silicone resin or polyimides with and without coupling agents. When coupling agents were used, the coupling agents included APS and gaps (3-amino propyl trialkoxysilane), which is a precursor to APS. The outer coating layer was prepared from 800 Novastrat®, the poly (pyromelitic dianhydride-co-4,4'oxidianiline) described above, or from silicone resins such as DC806A and DC255. The APS / Kapton coatings were prepared using a 0.1% solution of APS (amino propyl silsesquioxane) and a solution of 0.1%, 0.5% or 1.0% solution of poly (pyromelitic dianhydride solutions) -co-4,4'- oxyaniline) ammic acid (Kapton precursor) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Kapton coatings were also applied without a coupling agent using a 1.0% solution of poly (pyromelitic 4,4'oxydianiline-co-) in NMP. The APS / Novastrat® 800 coatings were prepared using a 0.1% solution of APS (amino propyl silsesquioxane) and a 0.1% solution of Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid in a 15/85 solution / DMF toluene. DC255 coatings were applied directly to the glass without a coupling agent using a 1.0% solution of DC255 in toluene. The APS / DC806A coatings were prepared by applying a first 0.1% solution of APS in water and then a 0.1% solution or a 0.5% solution of DC806A in toluene. The coatings / DC806A gaps were applied by means of a 1.0% solution of gaps in 95% by weight of ethanol in water as a binding agent and then a 1.0% solution of DC806A in toluene. Coupling agents and coatings were applied using dip coating methods, as described herein with coupling agents being heat treated after application of silicone resin and polyimide coatings and being dried and cured after application. The coating thicknesses were estimated based on the concentrations of the solutions used. The table in FIG. 40 lists the various coating compositions, estimated coating thicknesses and the test conditions.
[0293] Then, some of the vials were tipped over to simulate coating damage and the others were subjected to abrasion with less than 30 N and 50 N loads in the vial-to-ampoule template shown in FIG. 11. Then, all vials were subjected to lyophilization (cold drying process), in which the vials were filled with 0.5 ml of sodium chloride solution and then frozen at -100 ° C. Lyophilization was then carried out for 20 hours at -15 ° C under vacuum. The flasks were inspected with optical quality control equipment and under the microscope. No damage to the coatings was observed due to lyophilization. EXAMPLE 20
[0294] Three sets of six test tubes were prepared to assess the effect of increased load on the uncoated friction coefficient for vials and vials coated with Dow Corning DC 255 silicone resin. A first set of vials was formed at from type IB glass and left uncoated. The second set of flasks was formed from the Reference Glass Composition and coated with a 1% solution in toluene of DC255 and cured at 300 ° C for 30 min. The third set of flasks was formed from Type IB glass and coated with a 1% solution of DC255 in toluene. The vials of each set were placed in the vial-to-ampoule template shown in FIG. 11 and the coefficient of friction in relation to an equally coated flask was measured during abrasion under static loads of 10 N, 30 N, and 50 N. The results are reported graphically in FIG. 41. As shown in FIG. 41, coated bottles showed significantly lower friction coefficients compared to uncoated bottles when abraded under the same conditions, regardless of the glass composition. EXAMPLE 22
[0295] Three sets of two glass vials were prepared with an APS / Kapton coating. First, each vial was coated by immersion in a solution of 0.1% APS (amino propyl silsesquioxane). The TPA coating was dried at 100 ° C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The vials were then dipped in a solution of 0.1% poly (dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxy-anilianiline) pyramidic acid (Kapton precursor) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Thereafter, the coatings were cured by placing the coated jars in a preheated oven at 300 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0296] Two vials were placed in the vial-to-ampoule template shown in FIG. 11 worn and under a loaded 10 N. The abrasion procedure was repeated four more times over the same area and the friction coefficient was determined for each abrasion. The flasks were eliminated between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was placed in an area that had not previously been worn. However, each abrasion traveled in relation to the same "track". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The friction coefficients of each abrasion (i.e., A1-A5) are plotted in FIG. 42 for each charge. As shown in FIG. 42, the friction coefficient of the coated APS / Kapton bottles was generally less than 0.30 all for abrasions on all loads. The examples demonstrate an improvement in abrasion resistance for the polyimide coating when applied to a glass surface treated with a coupling agent. EXAMPLE 22
[0297] Three sets of two glass vials were prepared with an APS coating. Each vial was coated by immersion in a solution of 0.1% APS (amino propyl silsesquioxane) and heated to 100 ° C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. Two vials were placed in the vial-to-ampoule template shown in FIG. 11 and worn under a 10 N load. The abrasion procedure was repeated four more times over the same area and the friction coefficient was determined for each abrasion. The flasks were eliminated between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was placed in an area that had not previously been worn. However, each abrasion traveled in relation to the same "track". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The friction coefficients of each abrasion (i.e., A1-A5) are plotted in FIG. 43 for each load. As shown in FIG. 43, the friction coefficient of APS coated bottles is generally only greater than 0.3 and often reached 0.6 or even higher. EXAMPLE 23
[0298] Three sets of two glass vials were prepared with an APS / Kapton coating. Each vial was coated by immersion in a solution of 0.1% APS (amino propyl silsesquioxane). The APS coating was heated to 100 ° C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The vials were then dipped in a solution of 0.1% poly (dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxy-anilianiline) pyramidic acid (Kapton precursor) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Thereafter, the coatings were cured by placing the coated jars in a preheated oven at 300 ° C for 30 minutes. The vials were then coated depyrogenated (heated) at 300 ° C for 12 hours.
[0299] Two vials were placed in the vial-to-ampoule template shown in FIG. 11 and worn under a 10 N load. The abrasion procedure was repeated four more times over the same area and the friction coefficient was determined for each abrasion. The flasks were eliminated between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was placed in a previously worn area and each abrasion was carried out on the same "strip". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The friction coefficients of each abrasion (i.e., A1- A5) are plotted in FIG. 44 for each load. As shown in FIG. 44, the friction coefficients of the coated APS / Kapton flasks were generally uniform and about 0.20 or less for abrasions introduced in 10 N and 30 N loads. However, when the applied load was increased to 50 N, the friction coefficient increased abrasion for each successive, with the fifth abrasion having a friction coefficient slightly less than 0.40. EXAMPLE 24
[0300] Three sets of two glass vials were prepared with an APS (amino propyl silsesquioxane) coating. Each vial was coated by immersion in a solution of 0.1% APS and heated to 100 ° C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The vials were then coated depyrogenated (heated) at 300 ° C for 12 hours. Two vials were placed in the vial-to-ampoule template shown in FIG. 11 worn and under a load of 10 N. The abrasion procedure was repeated four more times over the same area and the friction coefficient was determined for each abrasion. The flasks were eliminated between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was positioned in a previously worn area and each abrasion traveled in relation to the same "strip". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The friction coefficients of each abrasion (i.e., A1-A5) are plotted in FIG. 45 for each charge. As shown in FIG. 45, the friction coefficients of the 12-hour APS de-hydrogenated vials were significantly higher than the coated APS vials shown in FIG. 43 and were similar to the friction coefficients exhibited by uncoated glass vials, which indicates that the vials may have experienced a significant loss of mechanical strength due to abrasions. EXAMPLE 25
[0301] Three sets of two glass vials formed from Type IB Schott glass were prepared with a Kapton coating. The flasks were dipped in a solution of 0.1% polyamic acid (co-4,4'-dianhydride-pyromelitic) (Kapton precursor) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Thereafter, the coatings were dried at 150 ° C for 20 min and then cured by placing the coated jars in a preheated oven at 300 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0302] Two vials were placed in the vial-to-ampoule template shown in FIG. 11 worn and under a 10 N loaded. The abrasion procedure was repeated four more times over the same area and the friction coefficient was determined for each abrasion. The flasks were eliminated between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was placed in an area that had not previously been worn. However, each abrasion traveled in relation to the same "track". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The friction coefficients of each abrasion (i.e., A1-A5) are plotted in FIG. 46 for each load. As shown in FIG. 46, the coefficients of friction of the coated Kapton vials generally increased after the first demonstration of poor abrasion resistance of a polyimide coating applied on glass without a coupling agent. EXAMPLE 26
[0303] The APS / Novastrat® 800 coated vials of Example 19 were tested for their friction coefficient after lyophilization using a vial template shown in fig. 11 with a load of 30 N. No increase in the friction coefficient was detected after lyophilization. Fig. 47 contains tables showing the friction coefficient for the APS / Novastrat® 800 of coated vials before and after lyophilization. EXAMPLE 27
[0304] The glass bottles of reference composition were ion exchange and coated as described in Example 15. The bottles were autoclaved coated using the following protocol: 10 minutes of steam purge at 100 ° C, followed by a period of 20 minutes housing in which the coated glass container 100 is exposed to an environment of 121 ° C, followed by 30 minutes of treatment at 121 ° C. The friction coefficient for autoclaved and non-autoclaved bottles was measured using a bottle-by- bottle shown in FIG. 11 with 30 N load. Fig. Figure 48 shows the friction coefficient for the APS / Novastrat® 800 coated vials before and after autoclaving. No increase in the friction coefficient was detected after autoclaving. EXAMPLE 28
[0305] Three sets of vials have been prepared to assess the effectiveness of the coatings in mitigating damage to the vials. A first set of vials was coated with a polyimide outer coating layer with an intermediate binding agent layer. The outer layer consisted of Novastrat® 800 polyimide, which was applied as a solution of polyamic acid in dimethylacetamide and imidized by heating to 300 ° C. The coupling agent layer consisted of APS and amino phenyl trimethoxysilane (APhTMS) in a proportion 1: 8. These vials were de-hydrogenated for 12 hours at 320 ° C. As with the first set of test tubes, the second set of test tubes was coated with an outer layer of polyamide with a layer of intermediate binding agent. The second set of vials were de-hydrogenated for 12 hours at 320 ° C and then autoclaved for 1 hour at 121 ° C. A third set of bottles was left uncoated. Each set of vials was then subjected to a vial-to-vial frictive test under a 30 N load. The friction coefficient for each set of test tubes is reported in Fig. 49. Photographs of the vial surface showing damage ( or the absence of damage) experienced by each bottle is also shown in fig. 49. As shown in FIG. 49, uncoated vials generally had a coefficient of friction greater than about 0.7. The uncoated vials also show any visually noticeable damage as a result of the test. However, the coated bottles had a coefficient of friction of less than 0.45, without any visually noticeable surface damage.
[0306] The coated vials were also subjected to pyrogen removal, as described above, autoclave conditions, or both. Fig. 50 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for the flasks. There was no statistical difference between de-hydrogenated and de-hydrogenated and autoclaved bottles. EXAMPLE 29
[0307] With reference now to FIG. 51, the flasks were prepared with three different coating compositions to evaluate the effect of different proportions of silanes on the friction coefficient of the applied coating. The first coating composition includes a coupling agent layer that has a 1: 1 ratio of gaps to amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane and an outer coating layer, which consisted of 1.0% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The second coating composition includes a coupling agent layer that has a 1: 0.5 ratio of gaps for amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane and an outer coating layer, which consisted of 1.0% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The coating composition includes a third layer of coupling agent that has a 1: 0.2 ratio of gaps for amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane and an outer coating layer, which consisted of 1.0% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. All vials were depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320 ° C. After that, the vials were subjected to a vial-to-vial frictive test under 20 N and 30 N loads. The average normal force applied, the friction coefficient, and a maximum friction (Fx) for each vial, is reported in FIG. 51. As shown in FIG. 51, decreasing the amount of aromatic silane (that is, the amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane) increases the friction coefficient between the vials, as well as the frictional force experienced by the vials. EXAMPLE 30
[0308] The flasks formed from type IB ion exchange glasses were prepared with heat from tolerant coatings having different proportions of silanes.
[0309] The samples were prepared with a composition that includes a layer of coupling agent formed from 0.125% APS and 1.0% (amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a ratio of 1: 8, and a layer of coating exterior formed from 0.1% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The thermal stability of the applied coating was evaluated by determining the friction coefficient and frictional strength of vials before and after removing pyrogens. Specifically, the coated vials were subjected to a vial-to-vial frictive test under a 30 N load. The friction coefficient and frictional force were measured and are plotted in FIG. 52, as a function of time. A second set of ampoules was depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320 ° C and subjected to the same vial-to-ampoule friction test under a 30 N load. The friction coefficient remained the same before and after pyrogen removal, indicating that the coatings were thermally stable. A photograph of the contact area of the glass is also shown.
[0310] The samples were prepared with a composition that includes a layer of coupling agent formed from 0.0625% and 0.5% APS (amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a ratio of 1: 8, and a layer outer coating formed from 0.05% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The thermal stability of the applied coating was evaluated by determining the friction coefficient and frictional strength of vials before and after removing pyrogens. Specifically, the coated vials were subjected to a vial-to-vial frictive test under a load of 30 N. The friction coefficient and frictional force were measured and are plotted in FIG. 53 as a function of time. A second set of ampoules was depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320 ° C and subjected to the same vial-to-ampoule friction test under a 30 N load. The friction coefficient remained the same before and after pyrogen removal, indicating that the coatings were thermally stable. A photograph of the contact area of the glass is also shown.
[0311] FIG. 54 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for flasks with heat-tolerant coatings formed from 0.125% APS and 1.0% (amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a proportion of 1: 8, and an outer coating layer formed from 0.1% Novastrat® 800 polyimide (indicated as "260" in figure 54.), and formed from 0.0625% and 0.5% APS (amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a 1: 8 ratio, and an outer coating layer formed from 0.05% Novastrat® 800 polyimide (shown as "280" in FIG. 54). A photograph of the contact area of the glass is also shown. The data shows that the rupture load remains unchanged from uncoated samples without risks for coated, de-hydrogenated, and streaked glass samples demonstrating protection of glass against damage by the coating.
[0312] The flasks were prepared with heat-tolerant coatings that have different proportions of silanes. The samples were prepared with a composition that includes a layer of coupling agent formed from 0.5% Dynasylan® Hydrosil 1.151 and 0.5% (amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a ratio of 1: 1, and a layer outer coating formed from 0.05% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The thermal stability of the applied coating was evaluated by determining the friction coefficient and frictional strength of vials before and after removing pyrogens. Specifically, the coated vials were subjected to a vial-to-vial frictive test under a 30 N load. The friction coefficient and frictional force were measured and are plotted in FIG. 55 as a function of time. A second set of ampoules was depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320 ° C and subjected to the same vial-to-ampoule friction test under a 30 N load. The friction coefficient remained the same before and after pyrogen removal, indicating that the coatings were thermally stable. A photograph of the contact area of the glass is also shown. This suggests that aminosilane hydrolysates, such as amino silsesquioxanes, are useful in coating formulations.
[0313] The thermal stability of the applied coating was also assessed for a number of pyrogen removal conditions. Specifically, Type IB glass vials with ion-exchanged ions were prepared with a composition that includes a layer of coupling agent that has a 1: 1 ratio of gaps (0.5%) to amino phenyl trimethyloxysilane (0.5%) and an outer coating layer, which consisted of 0.5% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. Sample vials were subjected to one of the following depyrogenation cycles: 12 hours at 320 ° C; 24 hours at 320 ° C; 12 hours at 360 ° C; or 24 hours at 360 ° C. The friction coefficient and frictional force were then measured using a vial-to-ampule friction test and plotted as a function of time for each pyrogen removal condition, as shown in FIG. 56. As shown in FIG. 56, the friction coefficient of the vials does not vary with the pyrogen removal conditions, indicating that the coating was thermally stable. Fig. 57 graphically represents the friction coefficient after several times of heat treatment at 360 ° C and 320 ° C. EXAMPLE 31
[0314] The vials were coated as described in Example 15 with an 800 APS / Novastrat coating. Light transmission from coated test tubes, as well as uncoated vials, was measured within a wavelength range between 400-700 nm using a spectrophotometer. The measurements are carried out in such a way that a beam of light is directed normal to the wall of the container in such a way that the beam passes through the heat-tolerant coating twice, first when entering the container and then when it leaves. Fig. 13 graphically represents the light transmission data for coated and uncoated vials measured in the visible light spectrum 400-700 nm. Line 440 shows an uncoated glass container and line 442 shows a coated glass container. EXAMPLE 32
[0315] The vials were coated with a 0.25% HIATOS / 0.25% coupling agent and APhTMS 1.0% Novastrat® 800 polyimide and were tested for light transmission before and after removing pyrogens at 320 ° C for 12 hours. An uncoated bottle was also tested. The results are shown in FIG. 58. EXAMPLE 33
[0316] To improve the uniformity of the polyimide coating, Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid was converted into the polyamic acid salt and dissolved in methanol, significantly faster evaporation of the solvent compard if the dimethylacetamide, by adding 4 g of triethylamine to 1 liter of methanol and then adding 800 Novastrat® polyamic acid to form a 0.1% solution.
[0317] Type ion exchange flasks of type IB were coated with 1.0% GAPS / 1.0% APhTMS in methanol / water mixture and 0.1% Novastrat® 800 polyamine acid salt in methanol. The vials were coated depyrogenated for 12h at 360 ° C and depyrogenated and the depyrogenated samples were streaked in a vial-bottle template in 10, 20 and 30 N normal loads. No damage was observed to the glass at normal forces of 10 N, 20 N and 30 N. FIG. Figure 59 shows the coefficient of friction, the force and frictional force applied to the samples after a heat treatment at 360 ° C for 12 hours. Fig. 60 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for the samples. Statistically series of samples at 10 N, 20N and 30N were indistinguishable from each other. The samples with a low rupture load have broken from non-zero origins.
[0318] The thickness of the covering layers was estimated using electron scanning microscopy and ellipsometry (SEM), shown in FIGS. 61 to 63, respectively. Samples for coating thickness measurements were produced using silicon wafer (ellipsometry) and glass slides (SEM). The methods show thicknesses ranging from 55 to 180 nm for silsesquioxane layer and 35 nm for Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid salt. EXAMPLE 34
[0319] Plasma clean Si parts were dip coated using 0.5% GAPS, 0.5% APhTMS solution in 75/25 methanol / water mixture / vol vol. The coating was exposed to 120 ° C for 15 minutes. The coating thickness was determined using ellipsometry. Three samples were prepared, and had a thickness of 92.1 nm, 151.7 nm, and 110.2 nm, respectively, with a standard deviation of 30.6 nm.
[0320] Slides were dip coated and examined with a scanning electron microscope. Figure 61 shows a SEM image glass slide dipped in a 1.0% coating solution, 1.0% HIATOS APhTMS, and 0.3% NMP with an 8 mm / s pull out after a cure rate at 150 ° C for 15 minutes. The coating appears to be about 93 nm thick. Figure 62 shows a SEM image glass slide dipped in a 1.0% coating solution, 1.0% HIATOS APhTMS, and 0.3% NMP with a 4 mm / s pull out after a cure rate at 150 ° C for 15 minutes. The coating appears to be about 55 nm thick. Figure 63 shows a SEM image glass slide immersed in a coating solution of 0.5 Novastrat® 800 solution with 2 mm / s then a cure rate at 150 ° C for 15 min and heat treatment at 320 ° C for 30 minutes. The coating appears to be about 35 nm thick. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6
[0321] Glass vials formed from a type of 1B glass were coated with a diluted silicone coating from Bayer Baysilone M aqueous emulsion with a content of about 1 to 2% solids. The vials were treated at 150 ° C for 2 hours to remove water from the surface, leaving a polydimethylsiloxane coating on the outer surface of the glass. The nominal coating thickness was about 200 nm. A first set of test tubes were kept in untreated conditions (ie, "vials coated as"). A second set of test tubes were treated at 280 ° C for 30 minutes (i.e., "treated vials"). Some of the bottles in each set were mechanically tested by applying a zero load, with a linear increase from 0 to 48N and a length of approximately 20 mm using a UMT-2 tribometer. The risks were assessed for the coefficient of friction and morphology to determine if the procedure of scratching the damaged glass or if the glass coating is protected from damage due to scratches.
[0322] FIG. 64 is a graph showing the friction coefficient, zero penetration, normal applied force, and frictional force (ordered y) as a function of the applied zero length (ordered x) for the vials as coated. As illustrated graphically in FIG. 64, the coated vials exhibited a friction coefficient of about 0.03 to loads of about 30 N. The data shows that below about 30N the COF is always less than 0.1. However, at normal forces greater than 30 N, the coating began to fail, as indicated by the presence of verification glass along the length of zero. Glass checking is indicative of damage to the glass surface and the increased propensity of the glass to fail as a result of the damage.
[0323] FIG. 65 is a graph showing the friction coefficient, zero penetration, normal applied force, and frictional force (ordered y) as a function of the applied zero length (ordered x) for the treated bottles. For the treated bottles, the friction coefficient remained low until the applied load reached a value of about 5 N. At that point, the coating began to fail and the glass surface was severely damaged, as is evident from the increase in the amount of glass checking that occurred with the increased load. The friction coefficient of the treated bottles increased to about 0.5. However, the coating was unable to protect the glass surface at 30 N loads after thermal exposure, which indicates that the coating was not thermally stable.
[0324] The vials were then tested by applying 30 N of static charges over the entire 20 mm scratch length. Ten vial samples, coated and ten samples of treated vials were tested in horizontal compression by applying a static load of 30 N along the entire length of the 20 mm scratch. None of the samples as coated failed to stretch while 6 of the 10 treated vials failed at zero indicating that there was resistance to lower retention in the treated vials. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7
[0325] A Wacker SILRES MP50 solution (part # 60078465 Lot # EB21192) was diluted to 2% and applied to vials formed from the reference glass composition. The flasks were cleaned first with the application of plasma for 10 seconds before coating. The flasks were dried at 315 ° C for 15 minutes to remove water from the coating. A first set of bottles was kept in "as-coated" condition. A second set of vials was treated for 30 minutes at temperatures between 250 ° C to 320 ° C (i.e., "treated vials"). Some of the flasks in each set were mechanically tested by applying a zero load, with a linear increase from 0 to 48N and a length of approximately 20 mm using a UMT-2 tribometer. The risks were assessed for the coefficient of friction and morphology to determine if the procedure of scratching the glass is damaged or if the glass coating is protected from damage due to scratches.
[0326] FIG. 66 is a graph showing the friction coefficient, zero penetration, normal applied force, and frictional force (ordered y) as a function of the applied zero length (ordered x) for the vials as coated. The vials as coated exhibited damage to the coating, but no damage to the glass.
[0327] FIG. 67 is a graph showing the friction coefficient, zero penetration, normal applied force, and frictional force (ordered y) as a function of the length of the applied zero (ordered x) for the flasks treated at 280 ° C. treated had significant glass surface damage at applied loads greater than about 20N. It was also determined that the load threshold for glass damage decreased with increasing thermal exposure temperatures, indicating that the coatings degrade with increasing temperature (that is, the coating is not thermally stable). The samples treated at temperatures below 280 ° C showed damage to the glass with loads above 30N. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8
[0328] Vials formed from the reference glass composition were treated with Evonik Silikophen 40 P / W diluted to 2% solids in water. The samples were then dried at 150 ° C for 15 minutes and then cured at 315 ° C for 15 minutes. A first set of bottles was kept in "as-coated" condition. A second set of vials was treated for 30 minutes at a temperature of 260 ° C (i.e., "at 260 ° C treated vials"). A third set of bottles was treated for 30 minutes at a temperature of 280 ° C (i.e., "at 280 ° C treated bottles"). The flasks were streaked with a static load of 30 N using the test template illustrated in fig. 11. The vials were then tested in horizontal compression. At 260 ° C treated vials and 280 ° C treated vials failed to compress, while 2 out of 16 of the vials were coated with scratches at zero. This indicates that the coating degrades after exposure to high temperatures and, as a result, the coating does not adequately protect the surface of the 30 N load.
[0329] It should now be understood that the glass containers with heat-tolerant coatings described here have chemical durability, resistance to delamination, and greater mechanical resistance followed by ion exchange. It should also be understood that the glass containers with heat-tolerant coatings described herein have an improved resistance to mechanical damage as a result of the application of the heat-tolerant coating and, as such, the glass containers have greater mechanical durability. These properties make glass containers well suited for use in a variety of applications, including, without limitation, pharmaceutical packaging for the storage of pharmaceutical formulations.
[0330] It should now be understood that the glass containers described herein can include a number of different aspects. In a first aspect, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. At least, the interior surface of the glass body may have a delamination factor of less than or equal to 10 and a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. A coating tolerant to Heat can be attached to at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0331] In a second aspect, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. At least, the interior surface of the glass body may have a delamination factor of less than or equal to 10, and a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. heat-tolerant coating can be attached to at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. The outer surface of the glass body with the heat-tolerant coating may have a friction coefficient of less than about 0.7.
[0332] In a third aspect, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. At least, the interior surface of the glass body may have a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. An interior region may extend between the interior surface of the glass body and the outer surface of the glass body. The interior region may have a layer of persistent homogeneity. A heat-tolerant coating can be attached to at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0333] In a fourth aspect, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface may have a persistent surface homogeneity. At least, the interior surface of the glass body can have a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C. A heat-tolerant coating can be bonded to at least a portion of the exterior surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0334] In a fifth aspect, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The glass body can be formed from an alkaline aluminum silicate glass composition, which has a threshold diffusivity greater than about 16 μm / h, at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C and a HGA1 type of hydrolytic resistance according to ISO 720. The glass composition can be substantially free of boron and boron compounds, such that at least the inner surface of the glass body has a delamination factor of less than or equal to 10. A heat-tolerant coating can be attached to at least a portion of the outer surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0335] In a sixth aspect, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The glass body can be formed from a glass composition comprising: from about 74 mol% to about 78 mol% Si02; from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol% of alkaline earth oxide, where the alkaline earth oxide comprises MgO and CaO and a ratio (CaO (mol%) / (CaO (mol%) + MgO (mol%. ))) is less than or equal to 0.5 ;. X mol% AI2O3, where X is greater than or equal to about 4 mol% and less than or equal to about 8 mol%; and Y in mol% of alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises Na20, in an amount greater than or equal to about 9 mol% and less than or equal to about 15 mol%, a proportion of Y: X is greater than 1. The glass body can have a delamination factor less than or equal to 10. A heat-tolerant coating can be positioned on the outer surface of the glass body and comprise a low friction layer and a layer of coupling agent , the low friction of the layer comprising a chemical composition of the polymer and the layer of coupling agent comprising at least one of: a mixture of a chemical composition of first silane, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, and a second chemical composition silane, a hydrolyzate, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition is an aliphatic silane chemical composition; and a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0336] In a seventh aspect, a glass container can include a glass body that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The glass body can be formed from a glass composition comprising from about 74 mol% air to about 78 mol% Si02; alkaline earth oxide, comprising both CaO and MgO, wherein the alkaline earth oxide comprises CaO in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to about 1.0 mol% and a ratio ( CaO (mol%.) / (.. CaO (% by mol) + MgO (% by mol))) is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% Al2O3, where X is greater than or equal to about 2 mol% and less than or equal to about 10 mol%; and Y mol% alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises from about 0.01 mol% to about 1.0 mol% K20 and a Y: X ratio is greater than 1, where the glass body has a factor less than delamination or equal to 10. A heat-tolerant coating can be positioned on the outer surface of the glass body and comprise a low friction layer and a layer of coupling agent. The low friction layer may include a chemical composition of the polymer and the coupling agent layer may include at least one of a mixture of a chemical composition of first silane, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, and a second chemical composition of silane, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aromatic silane and the second chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aliphatic silane; and a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0337] An eighth aspect includes the glass container of any one from the first and the third to the seventh aspect, in which the outer surface of the glass body with the heat-tolerant coating has a friction coefficient of less than about 0, 7.
[0338] A ninth aspect includes the glass container of any of the first to eighth aspects, in which the heat-tolerant coating has a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated, from a temperature of 150 ° C at 350 ° C, at a ramp speed of about 10 ° C / minute.
[0339] A tenth aspect includes the glass container from any of the first and second to the fourth to seventh aspects, in which the glass body has an interior region that extends between the inner surface of the glass body and the outer surface of the glass body, the interior region having a layer of persistent homogeneity.
[0340] An eleventh aspect includes the glass container of any of the third and eleventh aspects, where the interior region has a TLR thickness of at least about 100 nm.
[0341] A twelfth aspect includes the glass container of any of the third and twelfth aspects, in which the inner region extends from 10 nm, below the inner surface of the glass body, and has a TLR thickness of at least about 100 nm.
[0342] A thirteenth aspect includes the glass container from any of the first or third aspects up to the fifth aspect up to the twelfth aspect, where the interior surface of the glass body has a persistent surface homogeneity.
[0343] A fourteenth aspect includes the glass container of any aspect of the fourth or thirteenth aspect, in which the persistent homogeneity of the surfaces extends to a wall thickness of the glass body at a depth less than or equal to about 50 nm, namely from about 10 nm to about 50 nm from the inner surface of the glass body.
[0344] A fifteenth aspect includes the glass container of any aspect from the first to the fourteenth, wherein the glass body has a surface area that extends from the interior surface of the glass body to a thickness of glass body wall, the surface region having the homogeneity of the persistent surface.
[0345] A sixteenth aspect includes the glass container of the fifteenth aspect, in which the surface region extends to a wall thickness of the glass body at a depth of at least 10 nm, from the interior surface of the glass body.
[0346] A seventeenth aspect includes the glass container of any aspect from the first to the sixteenth, wherein the heat-tolerant coating comprises a layer of coupling agent.
[0347] An eighteenth aspect includes the glass container of the seventeenth aspect, wherein the coupling agent layer comprises at least one chemical composition of silane.
[0348] A nineteenth aspect includes the glass container of any aspect of the seventeenth or eighteenth, wherein the heat-tolerant coating comprises a low friction layer in contact with the coupling agent layer.
[0349] A twentieth aspect includes the nineteenth aspect glass container, wherein the heat-tolerant coating comprises a low-friction layer and comprises a chemical composition of the polymer.
[0350] A twenty-first aspect includes the glass container of any aspect from the first to the twenty, in which the transmission of light through the portion of the glass-coated container is greater than or equal to about 55% of transmission of light through an uncoated glass article for wavelengths from about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[0351] A twenty-second aspect includes the glass container of any one of the first to the first twenty aspects, in which the glass body has at least a resistance to class S3 acids according to DIN 12116.
[0352] A twenty-third aspect includes the glass container from any of the first to the twenty-second aspects, in which the glass body has at least a base resistance of class A2 according to the ISO 695 standard.
[0353] A twenty-fourth aspect includes the glass container of any one of the first to the twenty-third aspects, in which the glass body has at least one type of HgB2 hydrolytic resistance according to the ISO 719 standard.
[0354] A twenty-fifth aspect includes the glass container of any one of the first to the twenty-fourth aspects, in which the glass body has at least one type of HgA2 hydrolytic resistance in accordance with the ISO 720 standard.
[0355] A twenty-sixth aspect includes the glass container from any of the first to the twenty-fifth aspects, where the glass container is a pharmaceutical package.
[0356] A twenty-seventh aspect includes the glass container of any one from the first to the twenty-sixth aspect, in which the glass body has a compressive stress greater than or equal to 300 MPa, on at least one outer surface of the body glass and a layer depth of at least 30 μm.
[0357] A twenty-eighth aspect includes the glass container of any of the second and sixth to seventh aspects, in which the heat-tolerant coating is thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0358] A twenty-ninth aspect includes the glass container of any one of the first to twenty-seventh aspects, wherein the heat-tolerant coating is thermally stable at a temperature of at least 320 ° C for 30 minutes.
[0359] One thirtieth aspect includes the glass container of any one of the first to the twenty ninth aspects, wherein the glass body comprises an alkaline aluminum silicate glass composition.
[0360] A thirty-first aspect includes the glass container of the thirtieth aspect, in which the glass body is substantially free of boron and compounds containing boron.
[0361] A thirty-second aspect includes the glass container of any aspect of the fourth or the thirteenth aspect, in which the persistent homogeneity of the surfaces extends to a wall thickness of the glass body at a depth of at least 10 nm, from the inner surface of the glass body.
[0362] A thirty-third aspect includes the glass container of the thirty-second aspect, where the depth of persistent homogeneity of the surface is less than or equal to 50 nm.
[0363] A thirty-fourth aspect includes the glass container of the thirty-third aspect, in which the glass body has a surface area that extends from the inner surface of the glass body to a wall thickness of the glass body a a DSR depth; and the homogeneity of the persistent surfaces extends the surface region of the entire surface region to the DSR depth.
[0364] A thirty-fifth aspect includes the glass container of the thirty-fourth aspect, where the DSR depth of the surface region is at least 10 nm, from the interior surface of the glass body.
[0365] A thirty-sixth aspect includes the glass container of the thirtieth aspect, in which the aluminum alkaline silicate glass composition is substantially free of phosphorus and phosphorus-containing compounds.
[0366] A thirty-seventh aspect includes the glass container of any aspect of the first to the fifth, wherein the glass container is formed from an alkaline silicate aluminum glass composition comprising from about 74 mol% to about 78 mol% of Si0 2; from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol% of alkaline earth oxide, where the alkaline earth oxide comprises both MgO and CaO and a ratio (CaO (mol%) / (CaO (mol%) + MgO (mol% .))) is less than or equal to 0.5; X mol% Al2O3, where X is greater than or equal to about 2 mol% and less than or equal to about 10 mol%; and Y mol% of alkaline oxide, where the alkaline oxide comprises Na20 in an amount greater than or equal to about 9 mol% and less than or equal to about 15 mol%, a proportion of Y: X is greater than than 1, and the glass composition is free of boron and boron compounds.
[0367] A thirty-eighth aspect includes the glass container of the thirty-seventh aspect, where X is from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol%.
[0368] A thirty-ninth aspect includes the glass container of any of the thirty-seventh to the thirty-eighth aspects, wherein the alkaline earth oxide comprises CaO, in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.1 mol% and less or equal to about 1.0 mol%.
[0369] A fortieth aspect includes the glass container of any of the thirty-seventh to the thirty-eighth aspects, wherein the alkaline earth oxide comprises from about 3 mol% to about 7 mol% MgO.
[0370] A forty-first aspect includes the glass container of any of the thirty-seventh to forty-fourth aspects, in which the alkaline oxide further comprises K20 in an amount less than or equal to 0.01 mol% and greater than or equal to 1.0 mol%.
[0371] A forty-second aspect includes the glass container of any aspect from the first to the forty-first, in which the body is made of ion-exchange reinforced glass.
[0372] A forty-third aspect includes the glass container of the forty-second aspect, in which the glass body has a compressive stress greater than or equal to 300 MPa, in at least the outer surface of the glass body and a depth layer of at least 3 μm.
[0373] A forty-fourth aspect includes the glass container of any of the first to forty-third aspects, wherein the heat-tolerant coating comprises a layer of coupling agent comprising at least one of: a first chemical composition of silane, a hydrolyzate, or an oligomer; and a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition, wherein the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition are different chemical compositions.
[0374] A forty-fifth aspect includes the glass container of the forty-fourth aspect, where the first chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aromatic silane.
[0375] A forty-sixth aspect includes the glass container of the forty-fifth aspect, wherein the first silane chemical composition comprises at least one amine group.
[0376] A forty-seventh aspect includes the glass container of the forty-fifth aspect, where the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic chemical composition of alkoxysilane, an aromatic chemical composition of acyloxysilane, an aromatic chemical composition of halogen silane, or an aromatic chemical composition of amino silane.
[0377] A forty-eighth aspect includes the glass container of the forty-fifth aspect, wherein the coupling agent comprises at least one of: a mixture of a first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition, in which the second chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aliphatic silane; and a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0378] A forty-ninth aspect includes the glass container of the forty-eighth aspect, wherein the first chemical composition of silane is an aromatic chemical composition of alkoxysilane comprising at least one amine group, and the second chemical composition of silane is a composition aliphatic alkoxysilane chemical which comprises at least one amine group.
[0379] A fiftieth aspect includes the forty-eighth aspect glass container, in which the first silane chemical composition is selected from the group consisting of aminophenyl, 3- (m-aminophenoxy) propyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, or ( chloromethyl) phenyl alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, or substituted amino acids of silanes, hydrolysates, or their oligomers, and the second chemical composition of silane is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyl, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3- aminopropyl, vinyl, methyl, phenylaminopropyl N- (N-phenylamino) methyl, N- (2-Vinylbenzylaminoethyl) -3-substituted aminopropyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, or halogen amino silanes, their hydrolysates, or their oligomers.
[0380] A fifty-first aspect includes the glass container of the forty-eighth aspect, in which the first silane chemical composition is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane and the second silane chemical composition is 3-aminopropylmethoxy silane.
[0381] A fifty-second aspect includes the glass container of the forty-fourth aspect, wherein the heat-tolerant coating further comprises a low-friction layer comprising a chemical composition of the polymer.
[0382] A fifty-third aspect includes the glass container of the fifty-second aspect, wherein the chemical composition of the polymer is a chemical composition of polyimide.
[0383] A fifty-fourth aspect includes the glass container of a fifty-third aspect, wherein the chemical composition of polyimide is formed from the polymerization of: at least one chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two groups of amine; and at least one chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two anhydride groups and having a benzophenone structure.
[0384] A fifty-fifth aspect includes the glass container of the sixth aspect, in which the glass composition is free of boron and boron compounds.
[0385] A fifty-sixth aspect includes the glass container of any of the sixth and fifty-fifth aspects, in which the glass composition comprises B203, in which the ratio (B203 (mol) / (Y mol%. - X mol% ) is greater than 0 and less than 0.3.
[0386] A fifty-seventh aspect includes the glass container of any of the sixth and fifty-fifth to fifty-sixth aspects, wherein the glass composition is substantially free of phosphorus compounds and that contain phosphorus.
[0387] A fifty-eighth aspect includes the glass container of any of the sixth and fifty-fifth to fifty-seventh aspects, where CaO is present in the glass composition in an amount greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%.
[0388] A fifty-ninth aspect includes the glass container of any of the sixth and fifty-fifth to fifty-ninth aspects in which MgO is present in the glass composition in an amount of about 3 mol% to about 7 mol%.
[0389] A sixtieth aspect includes the glass container of any of the sixth and fifty-fifth to fifty-ninth aspects, wherein the alkaline oxide in the glass composition furthermore comprises K20 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.01 mol % and less than or equal to 1.0 mol%.
[0390] A sixty-first aspect includes the glass container of the sixth aspect, wherein the first chemical composition of silane is an aromatic chemical composition of alkoxysilane, which comprises at least one amine group and the second chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aliphatic alkoxysilane, which comprises at least one amine moiety.
[0391] A sixty-second aspect includes the glass container of the sixth aspect, in which the first chemical composition of silane is selected from the group consisting of aminophenyl, 3- (m-aminophenoxy) propyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, or (chloromethyl) phenyl substituted alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, or amino silanes, their hydrolysates, or their oligomers, and the second chemical composition of silane is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyl, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl, vinyl, methyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, (N-phenylamino) methyl, N- (2-Vinylbenzylaminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl substituted alkoxy, acyloxysilanes, halogen, or amino acids, hydrolysates, or their oligomers.
[0392] A sixty-third aspect includes the glass container of the seventh aspect, where the first silane chemical composition is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane and the second silane chemical composition is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane.
[0393] A sixty-fourth aspect includes the glass container of any aspect of the sixth or seventh aspect, wherein the chemical composition of the polymer is a chemical composition of polyimide.
[0394] A sixty-fifth aspect includes the sixty-fourth aspect glass container, wherein the chemical composition of polyimide is formed from the polymerization of: at least one chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two groups of amine; and at least one chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two anhydride groups and having a benzophenone structure.
[0395] A sixty-sixth aspect includes the glass container of the seventh aspect, in which the glass composition comprises B2O 3, in which the ratio (B2O3 (mol%) / (Y mol% -. X mol%) is greater than 0 and less than 0.3.
[0396] A sixty-seventh aspect includes the glass container of any of the seventh and sixty-sixth aspects, in which the alkaline oxide comprises more than or equal to 9 mol% Na20 and less than or equal to 15 mol% Na20.
[0397] A sixty-eighth aspect includes the glass container of any of the seventh and sixty-fifth to the sixty-seventh aspects, wherein the first chemical composition of silane is an aromatic chemical composition of alkoxysilane, which comprises at least one amino group and the second chemical composition silane is a chemical composition of aliphatic alkoxysilane comprising at least one amine group.
[0398] A sixty-ninth aspect includes the glass container of the seventh aspect, in which the first silane chemical composition is selected from the group consisting of aminophenyl, 3- (m-aminophenoxy) propyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, or (chloromethyl) phenyl substituted alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, or amino silanes, their hydrolysates, or their oligomers, and the second silane chemical composition is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyl, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl , vinyl, methyl, phenylaminopropyl N- (N-phenylamino) methyl, N- (2-Vinylbenzylaminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl substituted alkoxy, acyloxysilanes, halogen, or amino acids, hydrolysates, or their oligomers.
[0399] A seventieth aspect includes the glass container of the seventh aspect, wherein the first chemical composition of silane is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane silane and the second chemical composition of silane is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane silane.
[0400] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments described here without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed matter. Thus, it is intended that the specification covers the modifications and variations of the various embodiments described herein, provided that such modification and variations fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[0001]
1. Glass container (100) characterized by comprising: a glass body (102) formed from a composition of aluminosilicate glass with hydrolytic resistance of Class HGA1 when tested according to the test standard of the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO) 720: 1985, said glass body (102) has an inner surface (104) and an outer surface (106), wherein at least the inner surface (104) of the glass body (102) has a factor of delamination of less than or equal to 10 and a threshold diffusivity greater than 16 μm2 / h at a temperature less than or equal to 450 ° C; and wherein the glass body (102) has an interior region (160) that extends between the interior surface (104) of the glass body (102) and the outer surface (106) of the glass body (102), the interior region (160) with a persistent layer homogeneity, so that one extreme in the concentration of each constituent component in the interior region (160) is greater than or equal to 80% and less than or equal to 120% of a bulk concentration of the same constituent component at the midpoint of the thickness of the glass body (102) when the glass container (100) is in the formed condition; and a heat-tolerant coating (120) attached to at least a portion of the outer surface (106) of the glass body (102), wherein the heat-tolerant coating (120) is thermally stable at a temperature of at least 260 ° C for 30 minutes, and the heat-tolerant coating (120) comprises a polymer; wherein the glass container (100) is a pharmaceutical packaging, the aluminosilicate glass composition comprises X mol% of Al2O3 and Y mol% of alkaline oxides and a Y: X ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, the aluminosilate glass composition comprises CaO and MgO in quantities such that a molar ratio of CaO / (CaO + MgO) is less than 0.5 and a molar ratio of B2O3 / (R2O - AI2O3) in the glass composition of aluminosilicate is 0 to 0.3.
[0002]
Glass container (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface (106) of the glass body (102) with the heat-tolerant coating (120) has a friction coefficient of less than 0, 7.
[0003]
Glass container (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-tolerant coating (120) has a mass loss of less than 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150 ° C to 350 ° C at a ramp speed of 10 ° C / minute.
[0004]
Glass container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat-tolerant coating (120) comprises a layer of coupling agent (180) comprising at least one chemical composition of silane.
[0005]
Glass container (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat-tolerant coating (120) comprises a low friction layer in contact with the coupling agent layer (180), the low friction layer (170 ) comprising the polymer.
[0006]
Glass container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the light transmission through a coated portion of the glass container (100) is greater than or equal to 55% light through an uncoated glass article for wavelengths between 400 nm to 700 nm.
[0007]
Glass container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the glass body (102) has at least an acid resistance of class S3 according to the standard Organization standard ( DIN) 12116, test standard dated March 2001.
[0008]
Glass container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the glass body (102) has at least a base resistance of class A2 according to ISO 695: 1991 .
[0009]
Glass container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the glass body (102) has a compressive stress greater than or equal to 300 MPa, on at least the outer surface ( 106) of the glass body (102) and a layer depth of at least 30 μm.
[0010]
Glass container (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner region (160) extends from 10 nm below the inner surface (104) of the glass body (102) and has a thickness of TLR, at least 100 nm.
[0011]
Glass container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the inner surface (104) of the glass body (102) has a persistent surface homogeneity.
[0012]
Glass container (100) according to claim 11, characterized by the homogeneity of the persistent surfaces extending within a wall thickness of the glass body (102) at a depth of 10 nm to 50 nm from the surface inside (104) of the glass body (102).

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US20140001076A1|2014-01-02|

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法律状态:
2018-03-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2018-03-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2018-03-20| B06I| Publication of requirement cancelled [chapter 6.9 patent gazette]|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.6.1 NA RPI NO 2462 DE 13/03/2018 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |

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2019-10-01| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-10-20| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-03-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-03-30| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 28/06/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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